Leadership Pt2

What does antecedents of leadership mean and what are they?

conditions that affect leader behavior; generalized

• age and maturity

• gender

• nationality

• type of sport

• psychological characteristics

How does age and maturity affect leadership?

• people’s age influence want for more autocratic and socially supportive leaders

• younger (10-17) prefer less autocratic, allow athlete participation in decision making, give positive feedback and give lots of tactical and technical instruction

How does gender affect leadership?

• males prefer training and instructive behaviors and more autocratic

• females prefer democratic coaching behaviors and participatory coaching style

• both want high frequency of training and instructing behaviors and feedback from coaches

How does nationality affect leadership?

• athletes from US, GB and Canada not differ much

• Japanese athletes more social support and autocratic than Canada

• Canada prefer more autocratic style and more training and instruction behaviors than Japanese athletes

How does type of sport affect leadership?

• highly interactive team sports- autocratic coaching style vs athletes in co-acting sports (bolwing, swimming, tennis)

• defensive players prefer democratic, autocratic and social support than offensive

How do psychological characteristics affect leadership?

• athletes with internal locus of control - training and instruction behaviors

• athletes external locus of control - autocratic behaviors

• female athletes high trait anxiety - more positive and social support behaviors

When is there a high satisfaction?

• coaches develop same decision style athletes prefer

• coaches give generous social support, rewarding of behavior and democratic decision

• younger age, better previous win-loss percentage and less playing experience

When is there more cohesion?

exercise leaders: more task-related behaviors and more task-specific reinforcement → more cohesive exercise groups

• high training and instruction

• high positive feedback behaviors

• high democratic social support

• low in autocratic behavior

When is performance increase?

actual and preferred coaching behaviors are congruent

When is intrinsic motivation increased?

more democratic leadership style → high levels of (blank) and perceived competence

• very similar to self-determination theory

What are the four components of effective leadership?

• leader’s qualities

• followers qualities

• situational factors

• leadership tyles

What are the leader qualities of effective leadership?

• not one set of essential core personality traits

• probable keys: above-average ability, intelligence, optimism, intrinsic motivation, empathy

What are the follower qualities of effective leadership?

leader needs to consider the followers in deciding on their style (in antecedent slides)

What are the situational factors of effective leadership?

• team vs individual sport

• interactive vs coactive sport

• leadership tradition

• size of team

• time available

What are the leadership styles of effective leadership?

• autocratic - solves problems

• autocratic consultative - obtains info from necessary players, then decides

• consultative individual - coach consults players individually then makes decision

• consultative group - coach consults players as group then makes decision

• group - coach shares problem with players then players jointly make decision without influence from coach

• choice of style should depend on situation and coach