WHAP Japan, Korea, and Vietnam chapter notes

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Taika Reforms

Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.

Empress Koken

manipulated by a Buddhist monk who wanted to marry and gain power off of her; reason why women could not become emperors

Heian

Japanese city later called Kyoto; built to escape influence of Buddhist monks.

Tale of Genji

written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any languange; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society.

Fujiwara

Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.

Bushi

regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies

Samurai

Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.

Seppuku

ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor

Taira and Minamoto

Two clans that fought for power after Heian

Gempei Wars

Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira.

Bakafu

Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai

Yoritomo

leader of Minamoto; Japan's first shogun

Shogun

A general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name; Military leaders of bakufu

Hojo

a warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor.

Ashikaga Takauji

Member of the Minamoto family; overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.

Ashikaga Shogunate

Replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan; ruled from 1336 to 1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority

Daimyo

one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun; used to be "bushi."

Choson

Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 B.C.E.

Koguryo

tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification

Sinification

The heavy adoption of Chinese culture

Silla

Independent Korean kingdom in the southeast part of the peninsulal defeated Koguryo with the help of their chinese Tang allies; sumbitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; united Korea by 668.

Kowtow

a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission

Kumsong

The capital of Korea in the medieval era, modeled on the Chinese capital of Chang'an

Yi Dynasty

Korean Dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; resotred aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence

Nam Viet

Chinese name for Vietnam, meaning "people in the south."

Trung Sisters

leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society

Khmers and Chams

Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi

Nguyen Le Dynasty

Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue.

Hue

A Mekong delta region far north of the Res and Mekong rivers