Trigger 11

finals

CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES

• Scleroderma

• Dermatomyositis

• Polymyositis

• Vasculitis

• Osteochondrodysplasias

• Tendinitis

occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks connective tissue under the skin and around the internal organs and blood vessels.

Scleroderma

results in inflammation of the skin. The symptoms of both diseases are similar and may include: fatigue; muscle weakness; shortness of breath

Dermatomyositis

leads to inflammation of the muscles.

Polymyositis

is another group of conditions that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks blood vessels in any area of the body.

Vasculitis

are a group of rare hereditary disorders of connective tissue, bone, or cartilage that cause the skeleton to develop abnormally.

Osteochondrodysplasias

is inflammation of the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone. These cords are called tendons.

Tendinitis

TROPICAL DISEASE

• Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)

• Dengue fever

• Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)

• Schistosomiasis

• Malaria

- Any disease that is indigenous to tropical or subtropical areas of the world or that occurs principally in those areas.

- Is caused nutritional deficiencies or environmental conditions (such as heat, humidity

TROPICAL DISEASE

- Contracted by drinking water contaminated with larvae of the parasitic worm Dracunculus medinensis, can cause painful, erupting blisters as the worms emerge through the skin.

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)

- An infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses.

Formerly called break bone fever, can cause severe joint and muscle pain. Left untreated, patients may experience hemorrhage and shock, leading to death

Dengue fever

- A chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, can lead to permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes.

Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)

- A parasitic worm disease transmitted by fresh water snails, can lead to blood in the urine, impaired growth, and malfunctioning of the kidney, liver, and spleen.

Schistosomiasis

can lead to blood in the urine, impaired growth, and malfunctioning of the kidney, liver, and spleen.

Schistosomiasis

- is caused by plasmodium parasites which are carried by a certain type of mosquitoes called anopheles.

Malaria

Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasites which are carried by a certain type of mosquitoes called

anopheles.

NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS

• Hypocalcemia

• Osteomalacia

• Iron deficiency

• Scurvy

diseases that occur when a person’s dietary intake does not contain the right amount of nutrients for healthy functioning, or when a person cannot correctly absorb nutrients from food. can be caused by undernutrition, overnutrition or an incorrect balance of nutrients.

NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS

- characterized by abnormally low calcium levels in the blood, can significantly impact a patients health and well-being. Calcium metabolism disorders are frequently encountered.

Hypocalcemia

- is softening of the bones. It most often occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium. Your body needs calcium to maintain the strength and hardness of your bones

Osteomalacia

Your body needs — to maintain the strength and hardness of your bones

calcium / Vitamin D

- occur when your body doesn’t have enough iron. This leads to a condition called anemia.

Iron deficiency

- is a disease that occurs when you have a severe lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in your diet.

Scurvy

POISONING

• Toxic Gases

• Chemicals

• Medication

• Food Poisoning

• Topical

• Animal Bites / Stings

Two of the most common gaseous poisonings are

carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

is a natural gas that comes mostly from combustion. In other words, when something burns. In a typical household, poisonous gas emits from fireplaces, grills, and automobiles.

Carbon monoxide

is another natural gas, but not as toxic as carbon monoxide. It occurs naturally in the air that everyone breathes, and only causes harm if inhaled in concentrated doses.

Carbon dioxide

are mostly the victims of chemical poisoning

Children

occurs when someone consumes contaminated foods or undercooked meats. It may generally cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, and chills. Most of the time, the disease will last for a few days.

Food poisoning

Plants such as — have leaves coated with oils that react to skin contact. Upon contact, the surface of the skin becomes itchy, and many small bumps begin to form.

• poison ivy

• poison oak

• poison sumac

Ointments, makeup, and other chemicals are capable of causing

allergic reactions.

can relieve the effects of topical poisoning.

Cold water, soap, and anti-itch ointments

In most cases, — can reverse the effects of animal attacks. If an individual suffers from an animal attack, they should seek immediate medical attention.

antivenom

DISORDERS DUE TO PHYSICAL AGENTS

• Heat exhaustion

• Heatstroke

• Chilblains

• Frostbite

• Hypothermia

• Hyperthermia

is characterized by thirst, fatigue, giddiness, and often muscle cramps; fainting can also occur.

Heat exhaustion

a more serious and sometimes lethal condition, results when prolonged exposure to heat and high humidity prevents efficient perspiration (by preventing evaporation of sweat), causing the body temperature to rise above 106° F (41° C) and the skin to feel hot and dry.

Heatstroke

- Tissue damage that does not involve freezing can cause inflammatory swelling

Chilblains

- or the freezing of tissue, can lead to gangrene and the loss of fingers or toes.

Frostbite

- a medical emergency that occurs when a body loses heat faster than it can produce heat or low body temperature.

hypothermia

– is an abnormally high body temperature — or overheating

Hyperthermia

Radiologic technologists must minimize — by using protective equipment for themselves and patients and by delivering the minimum possible amount of radiation.

radiation hazards

At very high doses, radiation can impair the functioning of tissues and organs and produce acute effects such as nausea and vomiting, skin redness, hair loss, acute radiation syndrome, local radiation injuries (also known as — ).

radiation burn

is the art and science of using radiation to provide images of the tissues, organs, bones, and vessels that comprise the human body.

Radiography

Imaging Modalities:

• Ultrasound

• Fluoroscopy

• CT SCAN

• MRI

• NUCLEAR MEDICINE

• Radiation Oncology

imaging internal organs within the body such as the heart, blood vessels, thyroid, breast, abdominal organs, skin and muscle; monitoring the growth and development of the fetus during pregnancy; measuring and visualizing blood flow in vessels within the body; measuring and displaying the relative stiffness of tissues; imaging interventions in the body; and heating, ablating, or breaking up tissue for therapy.

Ultrasound:

A routine type of x-ray examination except for its application in the visualization of vessels, called angiography.

Fluoroscopy:

Fluoroscopy:

A routine type of x-ray examination except for its application in the visualization of vessels, called

angiography.

combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles around your body and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images (slices) of the bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside your body.

A computerized tomography (CT) scan

provides cross-sectional, three-dimensional images without using x-rays or radioactive materials; it produces images with the use of a strong magnetic field and radio waves.

MRI

are used as tracers in nuclear medicine studies.

Radiopharmaceuticals

is a substance that emits radiation and that can be identified when placed in the human body.

By detecting the it, information about the structure, function, secretion, excretion, and volume of a particular organ can be obtained.

tracer

All of the radioactive compounds used in nuclear medicine, often called radionuclides or radiopharmaceuticals, are

artificially produced.

Utilizes the linear accelerator (LINAC), a device that uses high radiofrequency electromagnetic waves to accelerate charged particles in a linear path or straight lines, inside a tube like structure called the accelerator waveguide. It is commonly used to treat cancer with external beam radiation.

Radiation Oncology / Therapy

a device that uses high radiofrequency electromagnetic waves to accelerate charged particles in a linear path or straight lines, inside a tube like structure called the accelerator waveguide. It is commonly used to treat cancer with external beam radiation.

Linear accelerator (LINAC),