THE UPPER LIMB: BONES AND JOINTS

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96 Terms

1
Bones of the Upper Limb or Member
Shoulder Girdle

Arm or Brachium

Forearm or Antebrachium

Hand
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2
Shoulder Girdle
Scapula

Clavicle
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3
Scapula
– Shoulder blade
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4
Clavicle
– Collar bone
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5
Humerus
– Arm bone
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6
Forearm or Antebrachium
The ff. are part of

Radius

Ulna
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7
Radius
Lateral bone of the forearm
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8
Ulna
– Medial bone of the forearm
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9
Hand
The ff. are part of which bone:

Wrist or carpus

Palm or metacarpus

Digits
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10
Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetral

Pisiform
Proximal row from the thumb side
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11
Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capitate

Hamate
Distal row from thumb side
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12
Palm or metacarpus
1st to 5th metacarpals are located in the
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13
Thumb or pollex
first digit
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14
Index finger
second digit
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15
Middle finger
third digit
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16
Ring finger
fourth digit
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17
Little finger
fifth digit
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18
2, distal and proximal
How many phalnge/s are in the thumb
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19
3, proximal middle, and distal
How many phalnages are in each finger?
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20
Sternoclavicular
– sternum and clavicle
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21
Acromioclavicular
– scapula and clavicle
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22
Shoulder joint
– scapula and humerus
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23
Elbow Joint
– humerus, radius and ulna
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24
Humeroradial and Humeroulnar
Elbow Joint (2) – humerus, radius and ulna
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25
Proximal radioulnar
– radius and ulna
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26
Wrist or radiocarpal
– radius and carpals
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27
Intercarpal joints
– between adjacent carpals
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28
Carpometacarpal
– carpals and metacarpals
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29
Metacarpophalangeal joints
– metacarpals and phalanges
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30
Interphalangeal
– between adjacent phalanges
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31
Scapula
is a flat triangular bone that lies against the upper posterolateral chest wall.
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32
medial or vertebral, lateral or axillary, superior
Borders of the scapula
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33
Angles of the scapula
superior or medial, inferior, lateral
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34
acromion, fossa
Spine of the scapula
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35
Glenoid cavity
Head
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36
Body, Head, Nek, Coracoid Process
Scapula parts:
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37
Acromion
– the flat rounded lateral end of the spine
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38
Glenoid cavity
– is an oval depression on the lateral surface of the head of the scapula.
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39
Coracoid process
– is a beaklike projection originating from the anterior border of the neck of the scapula.
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40
Clavicle
Is a long flat bone somewhat resembles an old fashioned key.
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41
Acromial extremity (end), Body, and Sternal extremity
Clavicle PARTS
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42
Conoid tubercle
– small rough prominence on the posterior margin of the inferior surface of the clavicle towards the acromial end.
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43
Humerus
A long cylindrical bone that reaches from the shoulder to the elbow.
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44
Intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)
– is a furrow that extends longitudinally on the anterior surface of the upper humerus between the greater and lesser tubercle.
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45
Anatomical neck
– slightly constricted obliquely directed part of the humerus between the head and the remainder of the bone.
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46
Surgical neck
– constricted part of the humerus below the tubercles.
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47
Deltoid tubercle
– a rough prominence on the anterolateral surface.
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48
Capitulum (little head)
– small rounded prominence forming the lateral part of the lower articular end of the humerus.
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49
Trochlea (pulley)
– forms the medial part of the distal articular surface of the humerus.
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50
Coronoid fossa
– a depression on front of the lower humerus immediately above the trochlea.
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51
Radial fossa
– a small depression on the front of the lower humerus above the capitulum.
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52
Olecranon fossa
– a depression on the back of the lower humerus above the trochlea.
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53
Medial epicondyle
– knucklelike rounded bony prominence on the lateral margin of the lower humerus above the capitulum.
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54
Lateral epicondyle
– smaller bony prominence on the lateral margin of the lower humerus.
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55
Ulnar groove
– is a furrow on the dorsal surface of the medial epicondyle through which the ulnar nerve descends to the forearm.
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56
Radius
Lateral bone of the forearm
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57
head of the radius
is its upper expanded disclike end, with slightly concave upper articular surface
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58
Radial tuberosity
– a rough prominence on the anteromedial surface of the radius below its neck.
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59
Styloid process
– a large bony prominence on the lateral border and distal end of the radius.
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60
Ulnar notch
– a small depression on the medial margin of the distal end of the radius above its articular surface.
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61
Carpal articular surface
– a large smooth area on the distal end of the radius that articulates with the carpal bones.
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62
Ulna
Medial bone of the forearm.
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63
Olecranon process
– bluntly rounded upper end of the ulna that lies posterior to the elbow joint.
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64
Coronoid process
– extends anteriorly from the upper part of the body of ulna. It is beaklike and lies below and anterior to the olecranon.
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65
Trochlear notch (semilunar notch)
– concave half-moon shaped hollow on the anterior surface of the olecranon and the upper curved surface of the coronoid process.
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66
Radial notch
– is a depression on the lateral surface of the upper ulna below the trochlear notch.
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67
Styloid process of the ulna
– is a small pointed prominence that extends distally from the posteromedial border of the ulnar head.
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68
Hand or Manus
O Wrist or carpus

O Metacarpus

O Digits
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69
Scaphoid bone
– Boat shaped and lies on the lateral side of the wrist.
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70
Lunate bone
– Crescent shaped, resembling a half-moon.
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71
Triquetral bone
– Triangular in shape
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72
Pisiform bone
– It lies anterior to triquetral bone and forms anteromedial part of the wrist.
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73
Capitate bone
– Largest bone of the wrist
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74
Hamate bone
– Has a hooklike process called the hamulus
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75
Sesamoid Bones
O Small oval or rounded masses of bone tissue that develop in tendons. O They are composed of bone cells, and are not just deposits of calcium.
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76
Patella
– largest sesamoid bone
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77
Sternoclavicular joint
  • a gliding joint

  • Sternal end of clavicle

  • Clavicular notch of the sternum

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78
Acromioclavicular joint
  • Acromial end of the clavicle

  • Acromion of the scapula

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79
Shoulder joint
  • a ball and socket joint

  • Head of humerus

  • Glenoid cavity of head of scapula

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80
Elbow joint (Cubital joint)
  • a hinge joint

  • Humeroulnar

  • Humeroradial

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81
Humeroulnar
O trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
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82
Humeroradial
O Capitulum of the humerus and head of radius
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83
Proximal radioulnar joint
– a pivot joint O Head of radius (circumference) O Radial notch of ulna
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84
Distal radioulnar joint
– a pivot joint O Head of ulna O Ulnar notch of radius
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85
Wrist joint
  • a condylar joint

  • Distal articular surface of radius

  • Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral –wrist

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86
Intercarpal joints
  • gliding joints

  • Between adjacent carpal bones

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87
Carpometacarpal joint
O At thumb – a saddle joint

O Others – gliding joint

O Distal row of carpal bones

O Bases of adjacent metacarpal bones
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88
Metacarpophalangeal joints
  • condylar joints

  • Distal end of a metacarpal

  • Base proximal phalanx of digit

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89
Proximal interphalangeal joint
  • hinge joints

  • Head of proximal phalanx of digit

  • Base of middle phalanx

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90
Distal interphalangeal
  • hinge joints

  • Head of middle phalanx

  • Base of a distal phalanx

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91
Carpal Tunnel
Formed anterior to the wrist by a transverse carpal ligament that is attached to the scaphoid and trapezium laterally and to the pisiform and hook of the hamate medially.
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92
Carpal Tunnel
This ligament, together with the anterior curved surfaces of the carpal bones, forms a tunnel for the tendons, blood vessels and nerves pass from the forearm into the hand.
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93
Abrachium
one or both arms may be absent.
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94
Sprengel’s deformity
Elevation and deformity of the scapula
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95
Fusion
A joining together of the upper ends of the radius and ulna, with inability to supinate or pronate the hand.
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96
Radiography of the Upper Limb
O Scapula

O Shoulder joint

O Calcifications

O Humerus

O Elbow joint and forearm

O Wrist

O Metacarpals

O digits
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