bio 109- CHAPTER 20- the tree of life

taxonomy

science of biological classification

taxon

group of related species

domain

3 most fundamental taxa of life on earth

phylogeny

map of evolutionary history for related taxa

prokaryote

organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles, divided into two groups- bacteria and archaea, most are small single celled organisms that have a simple structure

what is most closely related to flagellates

what is most closely related to methanosarcina

what is most closely related to spirochetes

trichomonads

methnobacterium

cyanbacteria

more homologous traits=

more shared ancestory

plesiomorphy

homologous trait from common ancestor

synapomorphy

derived trait, not universally shared

does the genus or species get capitalized

genus

d-

k-

p-

c-

o-

f-

g-

s-

domain

kingdom

phylum

class

order

family

genus

species

7 properties of life

ordered- O

respond to stimuli- RS

can reproduce- R

grow and develop- GD

regulate- R

maintain homeostasis- MH

process energy- PE