Napoleon, Congress of Vienna, Conservative Reaction/Liberal Revolution

who was a liberal?

middle-class business leaders & merchants

what kind of govt did a liberal fight for?

parliament elected by educated people and homeowners

what was a liberal’s attitude about change?

supported change and believed that parliament should have power instead of a monarchy

what was a liberal’s attitude towards human rights?

strongly advocated for

what was a liberal’s attitude towards women’s rights?

not advocated for or against

what did a liberal believe should be the relationship between religion and state?

secular

what do liberals stand for in present day America?

equality, individual liberty/rights, private property, minimal constitutional govt

who was a conservative?

wealthy property owners and nobility

what type of govt did a conservative fight for?

traditional controlled European monarchy

what was a conservative’s attitude towards change?

believed no change should occur

what was a conservative’s attitude towards human rights?

against human rights movement

what was a conservative’s attitude towards women’s rights?

against

what was a conservative’s idea on relationship between religion and state?

close and influenced

what does a conservative stand for in modern day America?

individual freedom, limited govt, personal responsibility, empowerment of individual

who was a radical?

typically democrats

what type of govt did a radical fight for?

democracy - people vote directly for or against a cause

what was a radical’s attitude towards change?

lots of change - full democracy and repressed monarchy

what was a radical’s attitude towards human rights?

advocated for

what was a radical’s attitude towards women’s rights?

advocated for strongly - believed women should have the right to vote

what was a radical’s thoughts on the relationship between state and religion?

secular

what do radicals stand for today in America?

strongly on either side

what was the Congress of Vienna’s objectives?

• undo all of Napoleon’s work

  • divine right to monarchy/hereditary privilege

• balance power and size of France

• restore monarchs who lost throne to Napoleon

what is Balance of Power?

ensuring that one country or nation doesn’t have too much military power over the others

• Europe was redrawn in Cong. of Vienna for this purpose

what was the Metternich System?

• agreement to block liberal revolutions in major European cities

• restrict freedom of press/speech

• foreign/Austrian troops can enter cities to suppress liverals

• rule by “Conservative principles”

what is nationalism?

belief that loyalty should be to a nation of people w/ common culture & history instead of a king or empire

what is a nation-state?

a nation that defends its territory and way of life and represents itself globally

outcomes of Congress of Vienna (just a bunch of bullet points lol)

• France deprived of land conquered by Napoleon

• Russia given most of Warsaw, Poland

• Prussia given ½ of Saxony as well as parts of Poland & Germany

• Austria given back lost territory and some of Germany & Italy

Germanic Confederation

39 states (including Prussia) under Austrian rule

House of Orange

government organization

• given Dutch Republic & Austrian Netherlands

what was the Holy Alliance?

• Czar Alexander I (Russia) made a pact where rulers agree to rule by “Christian principles”

• Rulers accept divine status and divine right

Who refused to sign the Holy Alliance?

Britain

what is a reactionary?

someone strongly opposed to change and reform

Who was Napoleon?

• successful leader

• excellent army strategist

• conquered most of Europe

  • downfall was enormous kingdom

  • lost land after 5 years

• dictator

what was the Napoleonic Code?

• uniform laws eliminating injustices, freedom of speech & press

• allowed slavery over the Caribbean