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who was a liberal?
middle-class business leaders & merchants
what kind of govt did a liberal fight for?
parliament elected by educated people and homeowners
what was a liberal’s attitude about change?
supported change and believed that parliament should have power instead of a monarchy
what was a liberal’s attitude towards human rights?
strongly advocated for
what was a liberal’s attitude towards women’s rights?
not advocated for or against
what did a liberal believe should be the relationship between religion and state?
secular
what do liberals stand for in present day America?
equality, individual liberty/rights, private property, minimal constitutional govt
who was a conservative?
wealthy property owners and nobility
what type of govt did a conservative fight for?
traditional controlled European monarchy
what was a conservative’s attitude towards change?
believed no change should occur
what was a conservative’s attitude towards human rights?
against human rights movement
what was a conservative’s attitude towards women’s rights?
against
what was a conservative’s idea on relationship between religion and state?
close and influenced
what does a conservative stand for in modern day America?
individual freedom, limited govt, personal responsibility, empowerment of individual
who was a radical?
typically democrats
what type of govt did a radical fight for?
democracy - people vote directly for or against a cause
what was a radical’s attitude towards change?
lots of change - full democracy and repressed monarchy
what was a radical’s attitude towards human rights?
advocated for
what was a radical’s attitude towards women’s rights?
advocated for strongly - believed women should have the right to vote
what was a radical’s thoughts on the relationship between state and religion?
secular
what do radicals stand for today in America?
strongly on either side
what was the Congress of Vienna’s objectives?
undo all of Napoleon’s work
divine right to monarchy/hereditary privilege
balance power and size of France
restore monarchs who lost throne to Napoleon
what is Balance of Power?
ensuring that one country or nation doesn’t have too much military power over the others
Europe was redrawn in Cong. of Vienna for this purpose
what was the Metternich System?
agreement to block liberal revolutions in major European cities
restrict freedom of press/speech
foreign/Austrian troops can enter cities to suppress liverals
rule by “Conservative principles”
what is nationalism?
belief that loyalty should be to a nation of people w/ common culture & history instead of a king or empire
what is a nation-state?
a nation that defends its territory and way of life and represents itself globally
outcomes of Congress of Vienna (just a bunch of bullet points lol)
France deprived of land conquered by Napoleon
Russia given most of Warsaw, Poland
Prussia given ½ of Saxony as well as parts of Poland & Germany
Austria given back lost territory and some of Germany & Italy
Germanic Confederation
39 states (including Prussia) under Austrian rule
House of Orange
government organization
given Dutch Republic & Austrian Netherlands
what was the Holy Alliance?
Czar Alexander I (Russia) made a pact where rulers agree to rule by “Christian principles”
Rulers accept divine status and divine right
Who refused to sign the Holy Alliance?
Britain
what is a reactionary?
someone strongly opposed to change and reform
Who was Napoleon?
successful leader
excellent army strategist
conquered most of Europe
downfall was enormous kingdom
lost land after 5 years
dictator
what was the Napoleonic Code?
uniform laws eliminating injustices, freedom of speech & press
allowed slavery over the Caribbean
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