Communication Disorders Midterm

Why does language develop so rapidly?

child understands (receptive) before it speaks (expressive)

use

pragmatics- social use of language

language vs. dialect

language- localized in the brain (left lobe)
dialect- specific to region & overlaps w/ umbrella language

form

phonological, morphological, syntax

content

vocab & semantics (meaning

broca's area

word finding, speech production, articulation (frontal lobe, left hemi)

wernicke's area

comprehension, word analysis, receptive language (temporal/parietal lobe)

difference vs. disorder

difference- common among their community (dialect)
disorder- impairment that makes is difficult to understand or use the language

views on how speech & language are learned

biological switch- one day they just get it
preverbal- watching & learning
***probably a little of both

difference between speech & language

speech- production
language- meaning

varigated babbling

talking but jargon (bajadaba)
most advanced babbling

dendrites

project from the neuron cell bodyand receive information from other neurons

cell body

where an electrical impulse is initiated in response to stimulation

axon

conduct electrical impulses from the cell body to the terminal segment at the end of the axon

terminal segment

delivers information to other neurons via neurotransmitters

synapse

the terminal segment of one neuron, the dendrites of another, and synaptic cleft between them-- the location where the information transfer takes places

gray matter

CNS= outside PNS=inside billions of neuron cell bodies
CNS- PROCESSING AND INTERPRETING INFO
PNS- MOTOR NEURONS/CONTRACTION AND/OR SENSORY

white matter

CNS= inside
PNS= outside
TRANSMITS THAT INFO ACTING AS COMMUNICATION PATHWAY

level I

BEST- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of a bunch of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)When multiple RCTs show the same "effect", the "best" evidence for that effect is available

level II

A single RCT

level III

Non-randomized, controlled (well-designed) treatment studies (quantitative studies)

level IV

Non-experimental studies (questionnaires)

level V

Case reports and/or narrative literature review (qualitative studies)

level VI

WORST- Expert/Authority opinion (doctor says bedrest is best- reliable, but not good enough)

speech sound disorder

difficulty producing or using sounds at an age-appropriate level

phonological disorder

impaired comprehension of the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations

define test bias

systematic error in how a test measures groups (a kid never saw a vacuum and the test requires them knowing it)

types of test biases

linguistic
format (the way it is given)
stimulus/item (doesn't know vacuum)
direction (way it is worded- none are true except...)

what is the difference between language and communication

language represents words whether it is writing or speaking. On the other hand, communication is all about message.

The basal ganglia are

Subcortical nuclei that play a role in movement control

what is a neuron?

A neuron is what allows communication throughout the body. It allows signals from the outside of the body, like a hot surface, to trigger a response, like taking your arm away. On the opposite, they help the brain communicate with the body when to speak, move, and do all other actions

When children are moving from the babbling stage into the first word stage, they often produce a 'transitional' type of speech referred to as:

protowords

culture impact on language

pragmatics/social use- some cultures it is not right for a women to speak to a man

people w/ ASD...

-struggle greatly w/ use (pragmatics)
-content- can comprehend a lot but vocab is really delayed
-larger expressive vocab than comprehension
-form- syntax is usually pretty good but as sentences get more complex, they struggle (the ball is kicked by alex)