Chapter 4: Intellectual Disability

Define the three criteria for the presence of ID

Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior and onset before the age of 18

Explain the prognosis of ID.

Generally lifelong but course and prognosis will vary depending on the cause of the disability and access to resources

Generally non progressive

The more profound the ID the less likely to reach old age.

Stigma can lead to anxiety and depression in individuals with ID

Understand the impact of ID on occupational performance and its related OT interventions.

All areas of occupational performance and many client factors are affected. Establishing/maintaining friendships, participation in recreational activities, employment, feeding, digestion, heart problems, hearing loss

Etiology

Harder to determine cause in more mild cases than more severe cases. Factors include biomedical influences and environmental influences.

Prenatal conditions, genetic, perinatal, chromosome

Signs and symptoms

Impairment in intellectual functioning (School, money, abstract thinking, memory)

Significant limitations in adaptive behavior

Adaptive behavior

The collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that people have learned so they can function in their everyday lives

Down syndrome

Genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. It affects intellectual and physical development and can cause health problems.

Fragile x syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability and behavior problems

Hunters syndrome

Genetic disorder in which the body doesn’t properly break down certain sugar molecules. When these molecules build up in organs and tissues over time, they can cause damage that affects physical and mental development.

Tuberous sclerosis

Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disorder that causes cells in parts of the body to reproduce too quickly. The excess cells form noncancerous tumors, which can form anywhere in your body. The severity of this condition often depends on tumor locations.

Tay-Sachs disease

Fatal genetic condition. It affects nerve cells in a child’s brain and spinal cord. The most common symptom is missing developmental milestones for their age like sitting or standing.