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What is perception in psychology?

The process of interpreting and organizing sensory information to understand the environment.

Name three internal factors that influence perception.

Psychological state

Name three external factors that influence perception.

Cultural background

What are visual perceptual processes?

Interpretation and organization of visual stimuli to understand the environment.

How can psychological state affect visual perception?

Emotions and motivations can alter how visual stimuli are interpreted.

Give an example of how past experiences influence visual perception.

A negative experience with a color may cause someone to perceive it as threatening.

How does cultural background affect visual perception?

Different cultures assign different meanings to visual cues like colors.

What are the three stages of the Information Processing Model?

Encoding

What is working memory used for?

Temporarily holding and manipulating information for tasks like reasoning and problem-solving.

What is confirmation bias?

The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs.

What is functional fixedness?

The inability to see objects beyond their traditional use.

What is a heuristic?

A mental shortcut used to make decisions quickly.

What are the types of long-term memory?

Explicit (declarative) and Implicit (non-declarative).

What is sensory memory?

Brief storage of sensory information lasting only a few seconds.

What is the forgetting curve?

A graph showing how memory retention declines over time.

What are the three types of encoding?

Visual

What enhances effective encoding?

Rehearsal

What role do neural connections play in encoding?

Repetition strengthens neural pathways

What is the role of short-term memory?

Holding limited information temporarily for immediate tasks.

How does organization affect memory storage?

It enhances retention by creating pathways for retrieval.

What are retrieval cues?

Stimuli that help access stored information.

What factors influence memory retrieval?

Cues

What are two theories of forgetting?

Decay Theory and Interference Theory.