CNA (Module DEFGH)

Cultural Sensitivity

Respecting and understanding different cultural behaviors.

Demeanor

the way someone acts or behaves

Gait

The way a person walks

Liaison

A person who helps different groups communicate and work together.

Prejudice

an unfair opinion made without facts

Therapeutic communication

A helpful way of talking that supports patients

Verbal communication

talking out loud to share a message

Basic human rights

Rights to be treated with respect and live safely.

Battery

touching someone without permission

Civil Law

rules about problems between people

Code of ethics

guidelines for doing the right thing at work

Criminal Law

Rules about crimes against the public or society

Defamation

Lying about someone to hurt their reputation (spoken = slander; written = libel).

disclosure

sharing information with others

Diversion of drugs

taking or using drugs without permission

Exploitation

Taking advantage of someone for personal gain.

False imprisonment

Restricting someone’s movement without legal reason.

Fraud

Lying or tricking to gain something unfairly.

Invasion of Privacy

Disrespecting someone’s personal space or information.

Laws

Rules made by the government to protect people.

Malpractice

Doing medical care you're not allowed to do

Misappropriation of Property

Taking or using someone’s things without permission.

Neglect

Not giving the care or things someone needs.

Negligence

not being careful and causing harm

Nondisclosure

not revealing information

Privacy

Keeping someone’s personal space and info protected.

Residents rights

Federal rules about how nursing home residents must be treated.

sexual abuse

Any unwanted or forced sexual contact

Vulnerable Adults

Adults who cannot protect themselves due to age, illness, or disability.

Dignity

feeling respected and valued

Adaptive devices

Special tools that help with daily tasks (like dressing or eating).

Amputation

surgery to remove a body part

Basic Restorative Care

Helping someone return to their best ability after illness or injury.

Bladder/Bowel training

Helping someone learn to control peeing and pooping again.

Contradiction

A reason not to do a treatment because it could be harmful.

Defecation

Pooping; emptying the bowels.

Empathy

Understanding how someone feels and caring about it.

Enema

Putting fluid in the rectum to help with pooping

Functional Loss

Losing some or all ability to use a body part.

incontinence

Not being able to control pee or poop.

orthotic device

A support device to help with body movement or shape

prosthetic device

A fake body part that replaces one that is missing.

Range of Motion (ROM)

How much a joint can move.

Rehabilitation

Care to help someone get stronger and more independent after illness or injury.

Supportive device

Equipment that helps with movement (like walkers or braces).

Benign Tumor

A non-cancerous lump that doesn’t spread

Chemotherapy (Chemo)

medicine that kills cancer cells

Connective tissue

tissue that supports and connects parts of the body

Epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers body surfaces and lines organs (like skin and stomach lining).

Malignant tumor

A cancerous tumor that can spread and destroy tissue

Metastasis

When cancer spreads to other body parts.

Neoplasia

New abnormal growth (can be cancer or not)

Radiation

A cancer treatment using strong X-rays or radioactive material to kill cancer cells.

Avoidable pressure injury

A sore that could have been prevented with proper care

bedfast

unable to get out of bed

Bony prominences

Body parts where bones are close to the skin (like elbows or heels)

Deep Tissue Pressure Injury

A dark bruise or blister from pressure damage under the skin.

Dermatitis

Swelling or redness of the skin (skin irritation)

Dermis

the inner layer of skin under the surface

Epidermis

outer layer of skin

Intergumentary system

the skin

Pressure Injury (Pressure Ulcer)

A sore caused by sitting or lying in one spot too long.

Stage 1 Pressure injury

red, unbroken skin over a bony area

Stage 2 pressure injury

skin is broken or blistered

Stage 3 Pressure injury

Deep wound with some fat showing, may have dead tissue.

Stage 4 pressure injury

Very deep wound showing bone or muscle; may have black or dead tissue

Shear

When skin stays in place but tissue underneath moves, causing damage

Shingles

A painful rash caused by a virus, common in older people

Stasis Dermatitis

Skin swelling and redness on lower legs from poor blood flow

30° Lateral Position

Lying partly on the side with pillows under key areas to prevent pressure sores

Unavoidable Pressure Injury

A sore that happens even with good care.

Unstageable Pressure Injury

A deep sore covered with dead tissue so you can’t see how bad it is yet

Abduction

moving a limb away from the body

Adduction

moving a limb toward the body

Arthritis

joint swelling and pain

bone marrow

soft tissue inside boes that make blood cells

Cardiac muscle

muscle that makes the heart beat

cartilage

soft tissue that cushions joints

dorisflexion

bending the foot up

external rotation

turning a limb outward

flexion

bending a body part

Hinge joint

joint that moves in one direction (knee or elbow)

Internal rotation

turning a limb inward

Involuntary muscle

muscle that works automatically

joints

Where two bones meet and move

Ligaments

Connect bones to other bones.

Muscle Atrophy

Muscles get smaller from not using them

Muscle strain

Muscle injury from overuse or stretching.

Opposition

Touching the thumb to a finger.

Osteoarthritis

Joint pain from aging or injury.

Osteoporosis

Bones become weak and break easily

Phantom Pain

Feeling pain where a missing body part used to be

Phantom Sensation

Feeling like an amputated part is still there

Pivot Joint

Joint that turns side to side (like the neck)

Plantar flexion

pointing the foot down

pronation

turning palm or foot downward

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Joint disease causing pain and deformity

Sprain

Injury to ligaments or tendons

Supination

turning palm or foot upward

Synovial Membrane

Lining in joints that helps them move smoothly