Civil Rights Movement

Jesse Owens

African American track star in the 1936 Berlin Olympics

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

Thurgood Marshall

First African American Supreme Court Justice

Civil Disobedience

A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws

Ella Baker

Leader of SNCC

24th Amendment

Abolishes poll taxes

Watts Riots

1964 riots in Los Angeles and left 30 dead and 1,000 wounded

-lasted a week, and inspired hundreds more around the country

1936 Olympics

held in Germany in 1936 that served to be a huge propaganda opportunity for Hitler and the Nazi party

14th Amendment

all people born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

Little Rock Nine

A group of students who were enrolled in a white high school on the basis of being black

Transcendentalism

every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition

-pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson

James Meredith

United States civil rights leader, first black student at U Mississippi caused riots

Poll Taxes

required people to pay a special tax in order to vote

Black Power

a social movement that called for black equality and independence

Jackie Robinson

First black Major League Baseball player

15th Amendment

gave African American men the right to vote

Emmett Till

whistled at a white woman and was later beaten and killed by the woman's husband

-his death started black rights movement

Henry David Thoreau

American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery

Birmingham Campaign

Bull Connor turned fire hoses on the peaceful protesters

-shocked the public with the violence gathered suburban white support important to the success of the Civil Rights Movement

March on Washington

1963

-Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream..." speech

-250,000 people attended the rally

Black Panthers

a militant Black political party founded in 1965

-demanded equality unlike MLK's peaceful attempts

Reconstruction

rebuilding of the South after the Civil War

Plessy v Ferguson

"separate but equal"

supreme court upheld the constitutionally of jim crow laws

Rosa Parks

member of NAACP

started the Montgomery Bus Boycott due to her unlawful arrest

SNCC

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee,

-college kids participate in sit-ins

Bull Connor

Racist Police official of Birmingham and supported racial segregation

-used violence on peaceful protestors

I Have a Dream

speech by Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington focused on civil rights

Malcom X

African-American civil rights leader who encouraged violent responses to racial discrimination

-traced his muslim roots

Black Codes

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

Brown v. Board of Education

court found that segregation was a violation of the Equal Protection clause "separate but equal" has no place

-overturned plessy v ferguson

1955 bus boycott

Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat

-people boycotted city buses

Greensboro Sit ins

Black students sat in restaurant and where attacked

Letter from Brimingham

Letter MLK sent from jail

Voting Rights Act of 1965

ended literacy tests and provided federal registering in areas that prevented black people from voting

kerner commission

group set up to investigate the causes of race riots in American cities in the 1960s

Jim Crow

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Ghani

MLK's inspiration

Freedom Riders

Group of black and white people who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation

-KKK bombed them

Civil RIghts Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Freedom Summer

1964 effort to register African American voters in Mississippi

1968 Olympics

Tommie Smith and John Carlos demonstrated black power through multiple symbolisms

ex: gloved hand, no shoes, open jacket