Roots for Drug Classifications

-caine

Lidocaine, Dibucaine, Benzocaine, Cocaine, Tetracaine

Local anesthetics

-done

Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Methadone

Opioid agonists

-ine

Morphine, Codeine, Meperidine

Opioid agonists

-morphone

Oxymorphone, Hydromorphone,

Opioid agonists

Fentanyl

Opioid agonists

Bu---phine

Buprenorphine, Nalbuphine

Opioid Agonists-Antagonists

Sounds like morphine (opioid against), BUt...

Butorphanol

Opioid Agonists-Antagonists

Both = But

Buprenorphine + naloxone (Subuxone)

Opioid Agonists-Antagonists

-xone

Naloxone, Naltrexone, Methylnaltrexone

Opioid Antagonists

Ibuprofen

Antiinflammatory, Non-opioid analgesic, Antipyretic

NSAID

Naproxen

NSAID

Antiinflammatory, Non-opioid analgesic, Antipyretic

Ketoprofen

Antiinflammatory, Non-opioid analgesic, Antipyretic

NSAID

Indomethacin

NSAID

anti-inflammatory; non-opioid analgesic; antipyretic

Ketorolac

Antiinflammatory, Non-opioid analgesic, Antipyretic

NSAID

Celecoxib

Antiinflammatory, Non-opioid analgesic, Antipyretic

NSAID

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)

NSAID

Antiinflammatory, Non-opioid analgesic, Antipyretic

Acetaminophen

Non-opioid analgesic, Antipyretic

(-pril)

Enalapril, Lisinopril, Captopril, Fosinopril, Moexipril, Perindopril

AntiHTN

ACE-I

-sartan

Losartan, Olmesartan, Valsartan, Irbesartan, Azilsartan, Candesartan

AntiHTN

ARBs

-lol

Propranolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Esmolol

Anti-HTN; Anti-arrhythmic

BBs

Diltiazem

AntiHTN, Antiarrhythmic

CCBs (cardiac & vascular)

Verapamil

CCBs (cardiac & vascular)

Vascular = Anti-HTN

Cardiac = Anti-Arrhythmic

-dipine

Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Felodipine, Isradipine, Nicardipine, Nimodipine

AntiHTN

CCBs (vascular)

Hydralazine

Anti-HTN

Arterial vasodilator

(not an antiemetic)

Hydra = water intake causes vasodilation

Minoxidil

AntiHTN

Arterial vasodilator

OxiDil= arterial (OXygenated blood) Dilator

Nitro-

Nitroglycerin, Nitroprusside

Anti-HTN

ARTERIAL & VENOUS vasodilators

-cain-

Procainamide, Lidocaine

Antiarrhythmic; Local anesthetic

Na+ CBs

Little pro tapped his cane to the rhythm.

Amiodarone

Antiarrhythmic

K+ CBs

Arone = Arrhythmic

Ibutilide

Antiarrhythmic

K+ CBs

Shake ya booty (ibuti) to the rhythm

Sotalol

Antiarrhythmic

K+ CBs

BBs (non-selective)

Digoxin

Antiarrythmic, Inotropic

-ramine/-azine

Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, promethazine, chlorpromazine

Antihistamine, antiemetic

H1 antagonist

-adine

Loratadine, Fexofenadine

Antihistamine

H1 antagonist

AntihistADINE

-zine

Hydroxyzine, Promethazine*

Antihistamine, Anti-emetic*

H1 antagonist

-mastine

Clemastine

Anti-histamine

H1 antagonist

mastine = stamine

-sonide/-solide

Budesonide, Ciclesonide, Flunisolide

Anti-inflammatory

Glucocorticoids (inhaled)

So I'd inhale it?

Fluticasone

Anti-inflammatory; Anti-asthmatic

Glucocorticoids (inhaled)

Inhale the flu

-prednisone/-predisolone

Methylprednisone, Prednisolone, Prednisone

Antiinflammatory

Glucocorticoids (PO)

intermediate-acting steroids

Prid = mid (PO)

-kast

Montelukast, Zafirlukast

Antiinflammatory

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

The cast = caused inflamed skin

-mab

Omalizumab, Dupilumab, Reslizumab, Benralizumab

Anti-inflammatory

Monocolonal Antibodies

-albuterol

Albuterol, Levalbuterol

Bronchodilators

Short-acting B2*- adrenergic agonists (SABA)

Selective*

-terol

Salmeterol, Arformoterol, Olodaterol, Formoterol

Bronchodilators

Long-acting B2- adrenergic agonists (SABA)

-phylline

Theophylline, Aminophylline

Bronchodilators

Methylxanthines

So oxygen can fill the lining (phylline) of my airways

Methyl = phyl

-opium

Ipratropium, Tiotropium,

Bronchodilators

Anticholinergics

(OP)IUM= Opens up bronchi

(-ium)

Umeclidinium

--Try top first--

[-ium bromide]

Glycopyrronium bromide, Aclidinium bromide

Bronchodilators

Anticholinergics

bronch-IUM

-ephrine/-ephedrine

Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine

Decongestants

A friend helped me decongest

-ephrine (vasopressor) = constricts, shrinks swollen mucous membranes

-codeine/-codone

Codeine, Hydrocodone

Opioid-antitussives, -analgesics

Dextromethorphan

non-opioid antitussive

The sick ORPHAN had a COUGH

Guaifenesin

Expectorant

Guantanamo was expelled like mucus

Acetylcysteine

Mucolytic

aCYSTEINE (assisting) w/ breaking up muCYS

Hypertonic Saline

Mucolytic

Hypertonic = absorbs water = breaks up mucus

-ephrine/-ephedrine

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Phenylephrine, Ephedrine

Alpha Adrenergic Agonists

Beta Adrenergic Agonists

Do-amine

Dopamine, Dobutamine

β-Adrenergic Agonists

DoP: vasopressor w/ inotrope properties

DoB: inotrope

-osin

Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin, Alfuzosin, Silodosin, Tamulosin

Anti-HTN

ALPHA-adrenergic BLOCKER

It's a SIN to BLOCK the ALPHA.

-lol

Nebivolol, Esmolol, Bisoprolol, Betaxolol, Acebutolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Celiprolol

Cardioselective beta adrenergic antagonist

Blocks B1 receptor only

NEBBAAMC

New exclusive beta blocker actions are mainly cardioselective

-lol

Propranolol, nadolol, pindolol, sotalol, timolol

Non-selective beta adrenergic antagonist

Blocks B1 & B2 receptors

Bethanechol

Cholinergic

Muscarinic Agonists

Beth and nicole are chillin (rest & digest)

Cevimeline

Cholinergic

Muscarinic Agonists

CiveMellow - rest & digest

Pilocarpine

Cholinergic

Muscarinic Agonists

CAR-Pine = musCARinic PEAK

Pile of carp on the floor = dry

-stigmine

Pyridostigmine, Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Rivastigmine

Cholinergic

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Indications:

- Alzheimers

- Dementia

Stigma against Alzheimers

Edrophonium

Cholinergic

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Ed's a Phoney who just rests & digests

Anticholinergics

Atropine

Scopolamine

Ipratropium Bromide

Dicyclomine

Oxybutynin

Tolterodine

-dopa

Levodopa, Levodopa/Carbidopa

Anti-Parkinson's

Donepezil

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Indications:

▻ Alzheimer's

▻ Dementia

-mine

Rivastigmine, Galantamine

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Indications:

Alzheimer's

Dementia

Mine = mind

-phenytoin/Pheno-

Phenytoin, Fosphenytoin, Phenobarbital

Long-term Anticonvulsant

ElePHENt trunk = long

Carbamazepine

LONG-term anti-convulsant (epilepsy)

Mood stabilizer (acute mania in BPD)

azepine = spaz-apine

Valproic acid (valproate)

Long-term Anticonvulsant

Mood stabilizer (mania in BPD)

Val has a been a long term pro at seizing

-azepam

Lorazepam, Diazepam

SHORT-term anticonvulsant

Lo: intermediate-acting anti-anxiety

Di: long-acting anti-anxiety

Muscle relaxers

Baclofen, Dantrolene, Cyclobenzaprine, Chlorzoxazone

Tizanidine

- clo - za - ne (close any = muscle relaxer)

-tidine

Famotidine, Cimetidine, Nizatidine, Ranitidine

Antiulcer agents

H2 antagonists

H2 - 2dine

-prazole

Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole

Antiulcer agents

PPIs

Sucralfate

Anti-ulcer

Mucosal protective

ucral = ulcer

suc = muc-us

Calcium carbonate

Antiulcer agent

Antacid

Bismuth subsalicylate

Anti-ulcer

Antacid

Bismuth = Pepto Bismol

-hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminum hydroxide

Antiulcer agent

Antacid

Hydroxide (OH-) is a base which neutralizes H+ (acid)

Bismuth subsalicylate

Antiulcer agent

Antacid

Methylcellulose

BULK forming laxative

Cellulose = fiber

Psyllium

BULK-forming laxative

Bulking looks silly

Polycarbophil

BULK forming laxative

Filled with carbs = Bulking

Docusate-

Docusate sodium, Docusate calcium

SURFACTANT laxative

Documents state FACTS

Bisacodyl

STIMULANT laxative

The BIsexual STIMULATED my SACk

Castor oil

STIMULANT laxative

Sticking castor oil up my butt stimulates me

Senna preps

STIMULANT laxative

Senna = stimma

Polyethylene-glycol

Osmotic laxative

polyethylene derived from petroleum (gas = constipation)

(Magnesium-)

Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium sulfate, Magnesium citrate

OSMOTIC laxative

Magnosmotic

Lactulose

Osmotic laxative

ose = osmotic

-pera-, para-

Loperamide, paragoric

Antidiarheal

Need a new paira underwear = diarrhea

Diphenox-/Difenox-

Diphenoxylate + atropine; difenoxin

Anti-diarrheal

Diphen = diaper

-setron

Ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, polonosetron

Anti-emetic

Serotonin ANTagonist

Prom-azine

Promethazine, Chlorpromazine

Antiemetic

dopamine antagonist

Prom at sea = nauseous

Di--enhydri

Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate

Anti-emetic; Anti-histamine; Sedative

H1 receptor antagonist

Scopolamine

Antiemetic

Anticholinergic

Scope = after you yack

Bumetanide

AntiHTN

Loop diuretic

Ethacrynic acid

Anti-HTN

LOOP diuretic

-thiazide

Clorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide

AntiHTN

Thiazide diuretic

-one

Eplerenone, Spironolactone

Anti-HTN

K+ sparing diuretic

-cortisone

Cortisone, hydrocortisone

Anti-Asthmatic; Anti-Inflammatory

SHORT-acting corticosteroid (systemic)

-methasone

Betamethasone, Dexamethasone

LONG-acting corticosteroids

METH lasts a LONG time

Levothyroxine

TH replacement