Circulatory System

Bio 112

Circulatory system

An organ system that moves blood and lymph throughout an animal's body.

Cardiovascular system

The system comprising the heart and blood vessels, responsible for the circulation of blood.

Systemic circulation

The circulation of blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen to tissues and organs.

Single loop circulation

A circulatory system, such as in fish, consisting of one atrium and one ventricle.

Three chambered heart

A heart configuration found in amphibians and reptiles, consisting of two atria and one ventricle.

Mixing of blood

The occurrence in three-chambered hearts where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in the ventricle.

Double loop circulation

The type of circulation found in mammals, featuring a four-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles.

Arteries

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Capillaries

Small blood vessels where transport and diffusion of gases, nutrients, and waste occur.

Veins

Vessels that carry blood to the heart.

Cardiac function

The processes of the heart including systole (contracting) and diastole (relaxing).

Systolic value

The pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart.

Diastolic value

The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.

Sphygmomanometer

An instrument used to measure blood pressure.

Fluid velocity in capillaries

The decrease in blood velocity as blood moves into the capillaries due to an increase in cross-sectional area.

heart valve

A structure in the heart that opens and closes to regulate blood flow between heart chambers and to the arteries.

semilunar valve

A type of heart valve located at the exit of the ventricles, preventing backflow of blood into the heart after contraction.

atrioventrivular valve

A heart valve located between the atria and ventricles, allowing blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles while preventing backflow.