Mechanisms of Edema

***NEED TO ADD PICTURES WITH INFORMATION

how much body weight is water

60%

what portion of water is intracellular

2/3

what portion of water is extacellular

1/3

how does water shift in and out of cells

concentration gradients

the difference between hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries and interstitum combined with

oncotic pressure determines the direction water moves

what is the starlings force equation

K[(Pcap-Pint)- reflection coefficent(picap-piint)]

how much of the plasma osmolarity is electrolytes

84%

what is the most important protein responsible for the oncotic pressure gradient

albumin

albumin concentration is greater in which oncotic pressure

plasma

what does albumin do in the plasma

pulls fluid from the interstitum into the intravascular compartment

alterations in any of the starlings forces results in

edema

what are the mechanisms of edema

increased microvascular permeability

increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure

decreased oncotic pressure

decreased lymphatic drainage

increased microvascular permeability occurs from

inflammation that results in release of mediators causing vasodilation

water moves from intravascular space into interstitium

increased microvascular permeability will result in

tissue swelling (inflammation)

what causes increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure

increased blood flow (hyperemia)

passive accumulation of blood

increased blood volume

increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure can be

localized or generalized

what causes decreased oncotic pressure

decreased plasma proteins!! (hypoalbuminemia)

what mechanisms of hypoalbuminemia that result in edema

severe blood loss

protein losing enteropathy and nephropathy

sever burns

loss of hepatic functional mass

profound malnutrition

what causes decreased lymphatic drainage

lymphatic vessel compression

lymphatic vessel constriction

lymphatic vessel blockage

what is decreased lymphatic drainage

reduced ability of the lymphatic system to remove excess fluid

when fluid accumulates in a body cavity that means

effusion

what are the types of effusion

abdominal

thoracic

pericardial

pure transudate has

low fibrinogen

translucent, clear to straw colored fluid

modified transudate has

low protein or low cellularity (or combination)

exudate has

high fibrinogen (bc inflammatory)

cloudy or opaque

transudative effusions are generally a result of

increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure

decreased oncotic pressure

thoraicc transudative effusion is

hydrothorax

pericardial tranudative effusion is

hydropericerdium

abdominal transudative effusion is

hydroperitoneum or ascites

what is being shown **

ascites

exudative effusion is a result of

increased vascular permeability due to INFLAMMATION

what is chylous effusion

effusion due to obstruction of thoracic duct

chylous effusions have

opaque white to pink tinged fluid