3.11-3.13

Proteins

polymer made of amino acid monomers

Amino Acids

Monomers of protein; have an amino group and a carboxyl group

Hydrophilic Amino Acid

When R group is polar (has hydroxyl)

Hydrophobic Amino Group

When R group is nonpolar

Polypeptide

A chain of amino acids

Peptide Bond

the covalent linkage when amino acids join together

Enzyme

chemical catalysts that speed up and regulate the rate of basically all chemical reactions; usually end in -ase

Different Proteins

structural, contractile, defensive, signal, receptor, transport, storage

Denaturation

when a polypeptide chain unravels, loses its shape, or loses its function

Where Denaturation Happens

changes of salt concentration, pH, or high heat

Primary Structure

the unique sequence of amino acids in a protein

Secondary Structure

results from coiling or folding

Alpha-helix

coiling

Beta-Pleated Sheet

Accordion shape

Tertiary Structure

overall 3D shape of a polypeptide

Quaternary Structure

the association of 2+ polypeptide chains coming together together into a functional molecule