1/159
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Information Technology (IT)
The utilization and management of technology and systems to store, retrieve, transmit, and protect information for various purposes
Input
Stage where data is entered into the computer system; provides the raw data that the computer will process.
Processing
The CPU performs calculations, comparisons, and other operations to transform the raw data into meaningful information.
Output
Displays or transmits the results of the processing to the user or another system either visually (using a monitor or printer) or audibly (by using speakers).
Storage
Data is saved to storage devices like a hard drive, SSD, or cloud storage for later use; allows the results of processing to be retained and retrieved as needed
Decimal Notation (Base-10)
The essential numerical system that forms the foundation of everyday mathematical operations, utilizes ten distinct symbols, from 0 to 9, to represent all possible numbers
Binary Notation (Base-2)
The fundamental numerical system that underpins the digital world, characterized by the use of two distinct symbols, 0 and 1
Hexadecimal Notation (Base-16)
A numerical system characterized by the use of sixteen distinct symbols to represent all possible numbers (digits from 0 to 9 and letters from A to F)
bit (Binary Digit)
Smallest unit of data in computing, which can hold a value of 0 or 1
byte
Equivalent to 8 bits and another basic unit of data
Nibble
Term for a single hexadecimal character
Data Type
Defines the kind of data that can be stored and manipulated within a program
Integers
Represent whole numbers, both positive and negative, without any decimal component
Floating-point Numbers
Used to represent real numbers (decimal or fractions)
Boolean Values
Represent the logical values of TRUE and FALSE
Characters
Used to represent individual letters, digits, punctuation marks, or any other symbol that can be represented in text
Strings
Sequences of characters used to represent and manipulate text
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
Developed in the 1960s as one of the first character encoding standards, and it uses 7 bits to represent each character
Unicode
A much more extensive encoding system that can represent over a million unique characters
Data
Wide range of items from customer details, and financial records, to internal communication
Information
Processed data that provides value and context
Intellectual Property (IP)
Creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce
Copyrights
Legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works
Trademarks
Sign used to distinguish the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises
Patents
An exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem
Digital Products
Intangible assets that exist in some kind of digital format
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
Systematic approach to copyright protection for digital products
Security Controls
Safeguards or countermeasures employed to avoid, detect, counteract, or minimize security risks to physical property, information, computer systems, or other assets
Administrative Controls
Policies, procedures, and practices that establish the framework for an organization's security posture
Physical Controls
Involve the use of physical measures to protect assets and prevent unauthorized access
Technical Controls
Implemented through technology solutions to protect information systems and data
Return on Security Investment (ROSI)
Metric used to calculate the effectiveness of investments in cybersecurity
Product Fulfillment
Process to deliver a product to the customer after a sale
Data Capture and Collection
Involves gathering data from various sources, such as transaction records, customer interactions, and internet of things log files
Hardware
the tangible parts of a computer, which is all of the things thing you can see and touch
Software
The coded instructions that guide the hardware's operations
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Microprocessor that interprets and carries out most of the instructions from the computer's hardware and software
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Used to perform temporary storage functions in the computer and it is used heavily by the central processing unit
Motherboard
Used to connect all the computer's components together to ensure that they can communicate with each other
Peripheral Devices
Hardware elements that we, as humans, interact with directly with, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and speakers
System Software
Responsible for managing and controlling the computer hardware
Application Software
Designed to help users complete some kind of productive task
Operating System (OS)
Vital piece of system software that manages and controls the computer's hardware resources and offers services for other software to run on
Laptops
Compact, all-in-one computing devices designed for portability and convenience
Server
Powerful computer designed to manage, store, send, and process data 24/7
Smartphone
Handheld device that combines the functionalities of a computer and a cellular phone using operating systems like iOS and Android to manage hardware and software resources
Internet of Things (IoT)
Devices embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, enable seamless integration between the physical and digital world
Motherboard
Printed circuit board (or PCB) that acts as the central hub where all other hardware components connect and communicate, making it an essential part of any computing device
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Executes instructions and processes data, making it a critical component of any computing device
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Specialized processor designed to accelerate rendering images and videos on a device's screen
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Provides temporary storage for data that the processor needs to access quickly
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Utilizes magnetic storage technology to read and write data
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
Have revolutionized the storage industry with their flash memory-based technology
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Provides a dedicated, full-time connection to a network, translating the data produced by the computer into a format that can be transmitted over the network, and vice versa
System Bus
Critical component in computer architecture, serving as the primary communication channel between the various components of a computer system
System Cooling
The process of dissipating heat produced by electronic components to keep them within a safe operating temperature
System Firmware
Serving as the link between the system's hardware and its operating system
Computer Network
Complex systems that enable communication and data exchange between multiple devices
Local Area Networks (LAN)
Network that connects devices in a relatively small area, such as a home, office, or a group of buildings
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Span a large geographical area, often connecting LANs that are miles apart
Wired Networks
Involve the use of physical cables to connect devices to the network
Wireless Networks
Provide connectivity without the need for physical cables
Firewall
Network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and decides whether to allow or block specific traffic based on a defined set of security rules
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Conceptual framework that defines how data should be packaged, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received on the internet
Hostname
A device's name when connected to a network
Fully Qualified Domain Names (or FQDNs)
The device's domain name specifies its exact location in the tree hierarchy of the DNS
Domain Name System (DNS)
Allows human-readable names when accessing a website or email server
RJ11
A type of connection for phone lines and voice services.
RJ45
A common data and digital service.
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Operates on port 80 and defines how messages are formatted and transmitted between web servers and web browsers
HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
Secure variant of HTTP that operates on port 443 and is specifically designed to provide secure communication over the Internet
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
Operates on port 110 and is widely used for retrieving emails from a mail server
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Operates on port 143 and allows multiple email clients to manage the same mailbox while keeping the email stored on the server
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Operates on port 25 and serves as the standard protocol for sending emails across the Internet
Fiber Optic Internet
Uses tiny strands of glass to transmit information as pulses of light, allowing data to move at, quite literally, the speed of light
Cable Internet
Internet is typically provided by companies that started out in the Cable Access TV, or CATV, industry
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
A prevalent type of internet service is often found in homes and small offices around the world
Wireless internet service
Helpful in areas where installing cables is too challenging or expensive
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Aimed at providing security similar to wired networks
SSID
An access point not to broadcast the name of the wireless LAN
Operating Systems (OS)
They perform a variety of crucial functions, including serving as an interface between the user and the computer, between applications and hardware, maintaining system health and functionality, and managing data
Command Line Interface (CLI)
An interface between a user and a computer
Kernel
An interface between a software application and hardware
Management Interface
A critical tool for configuring and managing systems effectively
Windows Registry Editor (regedit)
a database can be edited directly, allowing administrators a high level of control over system configuration
Process
Primary unit that governs a program and manages the memory resources allocated by the operating system
Service
Works behind the scenes to support the operation of your computer and run processes that handle essential tasks for you
System Memory/RAM
Main type of volatile memory used in a system
Virtual Memory/Pagefile
A technique the OS can use to extend the amount of available RAM
Command Prompt
A more correct term, an integral part of computer operations, offering an alternate approach to managing operating systems and applications
User Account Control (UAC)
A mechanism designed to ensure that actions requiring administrative rights are explicitly authorized by the user
Drivers
ensures that the hardware and software are in sync and working together
Disk Partitions
Divisions of a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD), each acting as a separate logical unit of separation within a single physical drive
File System
A method and data structure that an operating system uses to control how data is stored and retrieved
.odf
An open standard used by LibreOffice and other open-source office suites
.tiff
High-quality graphic format often used for professional printing and it can also utilize lossless or JPEG compression
.png
Portable Network Graphics that support lossless data compression and transparency
.wmv
A video container format developed by Microsoft, compatible with many media players and usable for DVD and Blu-ray discs
.mp3
Developed from MPEG, is a popular format for distributing music and is supported by most media players, but it uses lossy compression, discarding some audio information
.zip
Developed for the PKZIP utility, it's now natively supported by Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux, meaning these OS can create and extract files without third-party applications