NREMT-B Medications

Glucose MOA

Provides glucose for cell use via Gi tract

Glucose Indications

Hypoglycemia & able to swallow

Glucose MOA

Provides glucose for cell use via Gi tract

Glucose Indications

Hypoglycemia & able to swallow

Glucose Contraindications

Decreased LOC (Unable to swallow), nausea/vomiting

Glucose Side Effects

Nausea/vomiting, tachycardia,

Glucose Form/Route/Dose

Gel, PO, 15 grams

Glucose Onset

5-10 minutes

Glucagon MOA

Raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose

Glucagon indications

Hypoglycemia when patient is unable to swallow oral glucose

Glucagon contraindications

Pheochromocytoma (tumor in adrenal gland), hypersensitivity, hyperglycemia

Glucagon Side Effects

Nausea/vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension, dizziness

Glucagon form/route/dose

Solution/IM/1 mg (1 ml dilution)

Glucagon onset

10-15 minutes

Activated Charcoal MOA

Binds to toxins, preventing absorption in the GI tract

Activated Charcoal Indications

Overdose/Poisoning

Activated Charcoal Contraindications

Unable to swallow, ingestion of acids, vomiting, must be done within 1 hour of ingestion of poison

Activated Charcoal Side Effects

Black stools, nausea, vomiting

Activated Charcoal Form/Route/Dose

Suspension/PO/1g per kg body weight up, 50g max

Activated Charcoal Onset

Within minutes/as soon as it reaches GI tract

acetaminphen (Tylenol) MOA

it blocks COX enzymes in the brain, which reduces the production of prostaglandins (the little chemical jerks that cause pain and fever).

acetaminphen (Tylenol) Indications

Pain relief, fever

acetaminphen (Tylenol) contraindications

hypersensitivity, liver disease/failure

acetaminphen (Tylenol) Form/Dose/Route

Tablet or Capsule/PO/500-1000mgs adult or 10-15 mg/kg peds

acetaminphen (Tylenol) Onset

30-60 minutes

Ibuprofen MOA

Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes—specifically COX-1 and COX-2. This reduces the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals in the body that cause pain, fever, and inflamamtion

Ibuprofen Indications

Fever, pain, inflammation

Ibuprofen Contraindication

Hypersensitivity, GI bleeding, Ulcers, Kidney Disease, Heart Failure history/recent heart attack, current use of blood thinners, suspected ICH

Ibuprofen Side Effects

Nausea, diarrhea/constipation, GI bleed irritation, headache, dyspepsia (indigestion)

Ibuprofen Form/Route/Dose

Tablet/PO/10mg per kg not to exceed 40mg/kg

Ibuprofen Onset

30-60 minutes

Atropine & 2-Pam Chloride (Duo-Dote) MOA

Reverses the effects of nerve agent exposure

Atropine & 2-Pam Chloride (Duo-Dote) Indications

Nerve agent exposure (SLUDGEM

Atropine & 2-Pam Chloride (Duo-Dote) Contraindications

N/A

Atropine & 2-Pam Chloride (Duo-Dote) Side Effects

Nausea/Vomiting

Atropine & 2-Pam Chloride (Duo-Dote) Form/Route/Dose

Auto-Injector/IM/2mg atropine & 600mg 2-pam

Atropine & 2-Pam Chloride (Duo-Dote) Onset

10-40 minutes

Epinephrine MOA

Stimulates sympathetic nervous system -> alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2

Epinephrine Indications

Anaphylaxis

Epinephrine Contraindications

Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hypersensitivity

Epinephrine Side Effects

Hypertension, anxiety, headache, tachycardia, dizziness

Epinephrine Form/Route/Dose

Auto-Injector/IM/.3mg adult, .15 peds

Epinephrine Onset

1-5 minutes

Naloxone MOA

binds to opioid receptors in the brain and kicks opioids off—reversing their effects.

Naloxone Indications

Opioid OD w/ Respiratory Depression

Naloxone Contraindications

Allergy

Naloxone Side Effects

Sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, nausea/vomiting

Naloxone Form/Route/Dose

Nasal Spray/IN/.4mg-2mg

Naloxone Onset

2-4 minutes

Aspirin MOA

Platelet inhibitor: prevents platelets from sticking which prevents blood clots NSAID: helps inflammation

Aspirin Indications

Chest pain of cardiac origin

Aspirin Contraindications

GI bleeding, ulcers, allergy

Aspirin Form/Route/Dose

Tablets/PO/324mg (4 81mg pills)

Aspirin Onset

5-30 minutes

Nitroglycerin MOA

Vasodilator: expands blood vessels to decrease cardiac output

Nitroglycerin Indications

Chest pain of cardiac origin

Nitroglycerin Contraindications

Systolic BP under 100, use of ED meds, head injury, right-sided MI

Nitroglycerin Side Effects

Headache, nausea, low BP, lightheadedness

Nitroglycerin Form/Route/Dose

Tablets/SL/.4 mg

Nitroglycerin Onset

1-3 minutes

Albuterol MOA

Beta Agonist: binds with beta 2 receptors to relax smooth muscles of bronchioles

Albuterol Indications

Respiratory distress w/ wheezing

Albuterol Contraindications

Allergy, caution with tachycardia & beta blockers

Albuterol Side Effects

Tremors, anxiety, palpations, tachycardia, cough

Albuterol Form/Route/Dose

Solution/inhaled/2.5mg in 3 ml

Albuterol Onset

2-5 minutes

Ipratropium Bromide MOA

Anticholinergic: blocks acetylcholine ( the neurotransmitter which causes bronchoconstriction) Bronchodilator

Ipratropium Bromide Indications

Respiratory Distress w/ wheezing

Ipratropium Bromide Contraindications

hypersensitivity

Ipratropium Bromide Side Effects

Headache, dry mouth, cough blurred vision

Ipratropium Bromide Form/Route/Dose

Solution/inhaled/.5 mg in 3ml

Ipratropium Bromide Onset

15-30 minutes