Set 2 TEAS 7 Science – Anatomy & Physiology Set 2 (Organs & Functions, High-Yield)

Heart

Pumps blood through pulmonary and systemic circuits

Right atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from body

Right ventricle

Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

Left atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs

Left ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood to body

Aorta

Largest artery carrying blood from heart

Pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs

Pulmonary vein

Carries oxygenated blood to heart

Vena cava

Major veins returning blood to heart

Valves

Prevent backflow of blood

Lungs

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Trachea

Airway connecting larynx to bronchi

Bronchi

Two main branches into each lung

Bronchioles

Smaller airway branches

Alveoli

Site of gas exchange with capillaries

Diaphragm

Main muscle for breathing

Kidneys

Filter blood and form urine

Nephron

Filtration and reabsorption unit of kidney

Ureter

Transports urine from kidney to bladder

Urinary bladder

Stores urine

Urethra

Eliminates urine from body

Liver

Produces bile and detoxifies blood

Gallbladder

Stores and releases bile

Stomach

Begins protein digestion

Small intestine

Absorbs nutrients

Large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces

Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Esophagus

Moves food to stomach

Salivary glands

Start carbohydrate digestion

Brain

Controls bodily functions and cognition

Cerebrum

Voluntary movement, thinking, senses

Cerebellum

Balance and coordination

Brainstem

Controls breathing and heart rate

Spinal cord

Transmits signals to and from brain

Neuron

Sends electrical and chemical signals

Axon

Carries impulse away from neuron body

Dendrite

Receives signals from other neurons

Synapse

Gap where neurons communicate

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary movement

Smooth muscle

Involuntary organ movement

Cardiac muscle

Heart muscle that contracts rhythmically

Bone marrow

Produces blood cells

Ligament

Connects bone to bone

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone

Skin

First line of defense; regulates temperature

Epidermis

Outer protective skin layer

Dermis

Contains glands, nerves, blood vessels

Sweat glands

Help cool the body

Sebaceous glands

Produce oil for skin and hair

Lymph nodes

Filter lymph and trap pathogens

Spleen

Filters blood and stores immune cells

Thymus

Matures T cells

Endocrine glands

Release hormones into bloodstream

Pituitary gland

Master gland controlling others

Thyroid

Regulates metabolism

Adrenal glands

Produce cortisol and adrenaline

Ovaries

Produce estrogen and progesterone

Testes

Produce testosterone