Stimulants (Chapter 6)

Cocaine is derived from which plant?

a) Erythroxylon coca

b) Camellia sinensis

c) Papaver somniferum

d) Ma huang

a) Erythroxylon coca

The psychoactive effects of coca can be made stronger by adding which of the following?

a) Tobacco

b) Calcified lime

c) Heat

d) Wine

b) Calcified lime

In what form did the general public in Europe and North America initially use cocaine?

a) Powder

b) Pills

c) Drinks, such as coca wine and Coca-Cola

d) Paste

c) Drinks, such as coca wine and Coca-Cola

During which of the following procedures in 1884, did Karl Koller establish cocaine's value as a local anesthetic?

a) Eye surgery

b) Brain surgery

c) Psychiatric treatment

d) Limb removal

a) Eye surgery

Which famous individual studied cocaine as a treatment for morphine dependence and depression?

a) Benjamin Rush

b) Sigmund Freud

c) Karl Koller

d) Parke Davis

b) Sigmund Freud

In reference to cocaine who said, "I find it, however, so transcendently stimulating and clarifying to the mind that its secondary action is a matter of small moment?"

a) Sigmund Freud

b) Sherlock Holmes

c) Angelo Mariani

d) Karl Koller

b) Sherlock Holmes

As a North American, which decade would you have been living in when cocaine began to be a public safety issue?

a) End of the 1930s

b) End of the 1940s

c) End of the 1950s

d) End of the 1960s

d) End of the 1960s

Which of the following best describes cocaine?

a) An annual plant that grows to approximately half a meter high

b) A blackthorn bush that grows to two or three meters high

c) A small deciduous tree that grows between three and four meters high

d) A coniferous shrub that grows only one meter in height

b) A blackthorn bush that grows to two or three meters high

According to Canadian authorities working at international airports, there is an increasing trend to smuggle cocaine by which means?

a) Hiding it in passenger's carry-on luggage

b) Converting it into a liquid form

c) Shipping it in a raw form

d) Using passenger rather than cargo flights

b) Converting it into a liquid form

Before 1985 how would cocaine have been described in North America?

a) Street drug and prostitution

b) Symbol of wealth and fame

c) Gangs and guns and overdoses

d) The party favour of the jazz and blues clubs

b) Symbol of wealth and fame

According to the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime World Drug Report 2009, which country is the world's largest cultivator of the coca bush?

a) Bolivia

b) Columbia

c) Mexico

d) Peru

b) Columbia

You are listening to a school presentation by a man who describes himself as a lifelong substance abuser. He states the most frequently used drug was "ice". What is ice?

a) Vodka consumed in a frozen cube shape

b) A smokeable form of heroin

c) A smokeable form of cocaine

d) A smokeable form of methamphetamine

d) A smokeable form of methamphetamine

Which of the following describes the outcome of the 2007 Student Drug Use Survey in the Atlantic Provinces (SDUSAP): Atlantic Technical Report?

a) Less than 5% of the students reported having used cocaine or crack in the last year

b) Between 10% and 15% of the students reported having used cocaine or crack in the last year

c) Between 30% and 40% of the students reported having used cocaine or crack in the last year

d) Between 45% and 53% of the students reported having used cocaine or crack in the last year

a) Less than 5% of the students reported having used cocaine or crack in the last year

What is a marked characteristic of the coca plant leaf?

a) It is round in shape, opaque with a burgundy in colour

b) It has concentric ribbing, on a long, narrow and pointed green leaf

c) It has five jagged lobed structures

d) It is oval in shape, has a green colour with distinctive longitudinal lines (veins) on either side of the midrib

d) It is oval in shape, has a green colour with distinctive longitudinal lines (veins) on either side of the midrib

How does cocaine affect the brain?

a) Blocks serotonin reuptake

b) Blocks dopamine receptors

c) Creates a local anesthetic action

d) Depends on an interaction of multiple neurotransmitters

d) Depends on an interaction of multiple neurotransmitters

Which term is used to describe the most common form of pure cocaine?

a) Coca paste

b) Cocaine hydrochloride

c) Crack

d) White powder

b) Cocaine hydrochloride

What is the most common way cocaine is used recreationally?

a) Intravenous injection

b) "Snorting" it into the nose

c) Mixing it with alcoholic beverages and drinking it

d) Smoking it in a crack form

b) "Snorting" it into the nose

What is the most common way cocaine is used by compulsive cocaine users?

a) Intravenous injection

b) "Snorting" it into the nose

c) Mixing it with alcoholic beverages and drinking it

d) Smoking it in a crack form

d) Smoking it in a crack form

When is cocaine still used for a medicinal purpose?

a) It is sometimes prescribed for weight loss for those considered "medically" obese

b) It is sometimes used as a local anesthetic for nasal, laryngeal, and esophageal surgeries

c) It is sometimes used as a local anesthetic for dental surgeries

d) It is sometimes prescribed as a first step toward treating other drug addictions

b) It is sometimes used as a local anesthetic for nasal, laryngeal, and esophageal surgeries

What is cocaethylene?

a) It is a type of freebase cocaine

b) It was one of the popular patent medicines sold around 1900

c) It is formed in the body when cocaine and alcohol are used together

d) It is a precursor for cocaine production

c) It is formed in the body when cocaine and alcohol are used together

When laboratory animals are given unlimited opportunities to self-administer cocaine injections what will most of them do?

a) Most eventually become bored with it and stop taking it

b) They become completely tolerant to it and it loses its effect

c) They only inject enough to keep themselves awake

d) They will readily self-administer it until death

d) They will readily self-administer it until death

What is cocaine use during pregnancy associated with?

a) An increased risk of spontaneous abortion and placental tearing

b) About one-third of all cases of mental retardation

c) ADHD and depression in school-age children

d) Greater neonatal problems than alcohol or tobacco

a) An increased risk of spontaneous abortion and placental tearing

What did the 2007 SDUSAP indicate?

a) Less than 2% of students reported using cocaine within the last year

b) Less than 10% of students reported using cocaine within the last year

c) Less than 5% of students reported using cocaine within the last year

d) Less than 0.5% of students reported using cocaine within the last year

c) Less than 5% of students reported using cocaine within the last year

Amphetamine was developed initially as a substitute for a closely related chemical derived from the Chinese herb ma huang. What is the chemical name?

a) Ephedrine

b) Sympathamine

c) Codeine

d) GHB

a) Ephedrine

Which of following was NOT one of the early medical uses for amphetamine when it was first studied in the 1930s?

a) Treating narcolepsy

b) Treating anxiety

c) Treating hyperactivity (ADHD)

d) Weight control

b) Treating anxiety

How were amphetamines used during World War II?

a) They were used by all European countries to treat anxiety

b) They were used by the German military as a "truth serum" for interrogating prisoners

c) They were used by the Japanese, as an anesthetic due to the shortage of other medications

d) They were used to decrease fatigue by several countries, including Canada

d) They were used to decrease fatigue by several countries, including Canada

When World War II was over a stock pile of amphetamines existed. Which of the following describes what the drug companies did to empty their supplies?

a) They were sold inexpensively with a prescription and advertised as a strength supplement

b) They were sold without a prescription and advertised as a cure of drowsiness

c) They were sold inexpensively without a prescription and advertised as a strength supplement

d) They were sold with a prescription and advertised as a cure of drowsiness

b) They were sold without a prescription and advertised as a cure of drowsiness

How are amphetamines defined in Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act?

a) Schedule I

b) Schedule II

c) Schedule III

d) Class A

a) Schedule I

How long has the process for making illicit methamphetamine been on the streets?

a) Since 2002

b) Since the 1930s

c) Since the 1960s

d) Since the early 1990s

c) Since the 1960s

When illicit laboratories began making methamphetamine what name was it given?

a) Pop

b) Crack

c) Crank

d) Moth

c) Crank

What does crystal meth refer to?

a) Methamphetamine crystals, which may be smoked

b) Methamphetamine capsules

c) The "high" experienced after injecting methamphetamine

d) Methamphetamine imported from Colombia

a) Methamphetamine crystals, which may be smoked

What have the studies of the mechanism of action of the amphetamines focused principally on?

a) Serotonin and the endorphins

b) GABA and glutamate

c) Nicotinic receptors

d) Release of norepinephrine and dopamine

d) Release of norepinephrine and dopamine

After the last dose of amphetamines is taken, when does the virtual complete elimination take place?

a) Within 10 hours

b) Within 24 hours

c) Within 48 hours

d) Within one week

c) Within 48 hours

Which of the following was TRUE about the use of amphetamines to treat depression?

a) Amphetamines were never used therapeutically because of their abuse potential

b) Amphetamines could move depressed individuals from a suicidal state to a more normal range of emotions for a short time

c) Amphetamines were safer and more widely used than the newer antidepressants, such as SSRIs

d) Amphetamines could move depressed individuals from a suicidal state to a more normal range of emotions for a long period of time

b) Amphetamines could move depressed individuals from a suicidal state to a more normal range of emotions for a short time

What is the affect of amphetamines on weight control?

a) Is factual, but small and limited in duration

b) It usual increases rather than decrease weight

c) It has never been scientifically confirmed

d) It is both medically and cosmetically significant for most patients

a) Is factual, but small and limited in duration

What has Alertec (modafinil) been recently approved to treat?

a) Narcolepsy

b) Depression

c) Methamphetamine dependence

d) Obesity

a) Narcolepsy

What are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity characteristics of?

a) Depression

b) Post traumatic stress

c) Autism

d) ADHD

d) ADHD

Atomoxetine is a "non-stimulant" medication that has been approved for ADHD that does not appear to have abuse potential. What brand name is it sold under?

a) Ritalin

b) Strattera

c) Memantine

d) Attends

b) Strattera

What is one of the more concerning side effects of treating ADHD with amphetamines or methylphenidate (Ritalin)?

a) The high rate of drug dependence that develops

b) Decreased height and weight gain in children

c) Increased numbers of suicide attempts

d) Liver dysfunction

b) Decreased height and weight gain in children

What is the ability of stimulants to improve mental performance?

a) It has never been demonstrated in controlled studies

b) It is a myth—all the evidence shows that amphetamine and similar drugs impair performance

c) It is so clear that these drugs are routinely used to treat Alzheimer's dementia

d) It depends on the complexity of the task and the person's level of fatigue

d) It depends on the complexity of the task and the person's level of fatigue

By which means can paranoid psychosis be produced?

a) By high doses of amphetamines

b) By methamphetamine, but not any other form of amphetamine

c) By withdrawal from long-term amphetamine use

d) By stimulant drugs, but only in certain individuals

a) By high doses of amphetamines