Unit 1 Stats flashcards

Self-Selected

A sampling method where individuals volunteer to be part of the sample.

Random

A sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Systematic

A sampling method where every nth member of the population is selected.

Stratified

A sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) and random samples are taken from each subgroup.

Convenience

A sampling method where samples are taken from a group that is conveniently accessible to the researcher.

Clustered

A sampling method where the population is divided into clusters, and entire clusters are randomly selected.

Biased

A sampling method that systematically favors certain outcomes over others, leading to results that are not representative of the entire population.

Unbiased

A sampling method that does not systematically favor any outcomes, ensuring that the results are representative of the entire population.

Variables

Characteristics or properties that can vary or change in an experiment, such as age, height, or test scores.

Treatment Group

The group in an experiment that receives the treatment or intervention being tested.

Control Group

The group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or intervention, used as a benchmark to measure the effects of the treatment.

Experiment

A procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis by collecting data under controlled conditions.

Controlled Experiment

An experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time while all other variables are kept constant to isolate the effects of the variable being tested.

Randomized Comparative Experiment

An experiment in which subjects are randomly assigned to different groups, and the effects of different treatments are compared.

Observational Study

A study in which the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables or assigning treatments.