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Electromagnetic Waves
Ch. 13 Waves and Vibrations
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Electromagnetic Waves
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35 Terms
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1
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periodic motion
any motion that repeats itself over same distance
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simple harmonic motion
any type of motion that repeats itself along the same path b/c of restoring force potential to its displacement
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vibration
wiggle in time only (back and forth)
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frequency
number of cycles per unit of time
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period
time for one cycle
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pulse
one single vibration that moves through medium
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wave
many pulses together that move through medium
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sine wave
a pictorial representation of a wave
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crest
high point of sine wave
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trough
low point on sine wave
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equilibrium
at rest or mid point position
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amplitude
max displacement from equilibrium (measures strength of wave)
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wavelength
distance between two identical successive parts of a wave
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medium
what the wave is traveling through
* speed a wave travels depends on the medium
* only energy of wave is transported from one point to another, not medium
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mechanical wave
wave that needs a medium (water, sound)
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electromagnetic wave
wave that doesn’t need medium (light)
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transverse
disturbance moves perpendicular to wave motion
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longitudinal
disturbance moves in the same direction as wave motion
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compression
area of high pressure
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rarefaction
area of low pressure
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surface wave
motion of both transverse and longitudinal waves
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principle of superposition
when 2 waves try to occupy the same point, displacement of medium is sum of displacement caused by individual wave
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interference
2+ waves try to occupy same point in space at same time, interfere but no affect on one another
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in phase
when similar parts of wave arrive together ( 2 crests/troughs)
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out of phase
when opposite parts of wave arrive together ( 1 crest/trough)
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constructive
waves arrive in phase and interfere resulting in a wave of increased amplitude
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destructive
wave arrive out of phase and interfere resulting in wave with decreased amplitude
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standing wave
when 2 identical waves moving in opposite directions of each other interfere
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nodes
parts of wave that don’t appear to move
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anti-node
parts of wave that moves a lot
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damped harmonic motion
decreases amplitude of the mass over time
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under-damped
slowly decreases amplitude while continuing to oscillate
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over-damped
may not return to equilibrium position for quite some time without oscillating
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critically damped
returns to equilibrium position very quickly without excessive oscillations
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resonance
includes a driving force that matches the natural vibration and would increase the amplitude
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