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27 Terms
1
PITCH CONTRAST/MOVEMENT
Articulatorily, it depends on how tense are the vocal folds.
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PITCH CONTRAST/MOVEMENT
Acoustically, voicing is the source of periodic waves.
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3
PITCH CONTRAST/MOVEMENT
Auditorily, corresponds to the property of sound that places it on a scale from high to low (high pitch/aguda - low pitch/grave)
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4
LOUDNESS
Articulatorily, corresponds to the muscular energy and breath force used to produce it.
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5
LOUDNESS
Auditorily, the listener can distinguish between loud and soft/quiet.
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6
LOUDNESS
Acoustically, we talk about about amplitude of the wave (vowel are louder/have more energy than consonants).
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7
LENGTH
Articulatorily, the speaker keeps the speech sound in time.
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8
LENGTH
Acoustically, it corresponds to duration and it is measured in seconds.
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9
LENGTH
Auditorily, property of sound that places it on a scale from long to short.
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10
VOWEL QUALITY
Articulatorily, depends on the shape of the cavities or resonators.
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11
VOWEL QUALITY
Auditorily, it is the feature by means of which two sounds having the same pitch, loudness and length are still perceived as different. Some vowels are perceived as weak, strong, or have dual roles.
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12
PROMINENCE
It is a *phonetic* notion.
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13
PITCH, LOUDNESS, LENGTH & VOWEL QUALITY
These are *phonetic elements* that can make a syllable stand out or more prominent.
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14
Stress, Accent
These are *phonological* notions.
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15
STRESS
It is a **feature of the word**; it is a **lexical abstraction**; a **decontextualized form**, and may become a concrete realization only if the word gets accented in an utterance.
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16
ACCENT
It is the **feature of the utterance**; it is **concrete, contextualized** and an **observable phenomenon** (sentence or contextual accent in Harold prepared the \`picnic basket and not the car).
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17
STRESS
It is in our mental lexicon and it is stored in the form of a pattern of sounds ==(phonemic)== and pattern of prominence ==(phonetic)==. A stress does not guarantee that the word will get an accent in a particular context.
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18
PHONETIC JUNCTURE
It is the degree of linking between two phonetic sounds.
e.g., /greidei/ may be decoded as 'grey day' or 'grade A'; the same with /aiskrim/, which can be decoded as 'ice cream' or 'i scream'.
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19
PHONETIC JUNCTURE
Examples such as: /greidei/ as, ‘grey day’ or ‘grade A’
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20
LOCUTIONARY FORCE
Refers to what is **literally** expressed, to the meaning that words linked in a sentence have, as a proposition.
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21
ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE
Refers to the **intentionality** with which the proposition is expressed.
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22
PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE
It has to do with the effects of the utterance on the listener (the actual reaction of the interlocutor).
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