FINAL FINAL FINAL NUTRITION

Coenzymes

Coenzymes

Molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions

Anabolic

Processes in metabolism that build complex molecules from simpler ones

Catabolic

Processes in metabolism that break down complex molecules into simpler ones

Neural-tube defect

Birth defect affecting the brain, spine, or spinal cord of a developing fetus

Macrocytic hypo-chromic anemia

A type of anemia characterized by enlarged red blood cells with reduced hemoglobin content

Carpal tunnel

A condition causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand due to pressure on the median nerve

Homocysteine

An amino acid linked to increased risk of heart disease when elevated in the blood

Enriched

Nutrients added back to a product after being lost during processing

Fortified

Nutrients added to a product that were not originally present

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A brain disorder caused by severe vitamin B1 deficiency, often due to alcoholism

Flushing reaction

Reddening of the skin often accompanied by a warm sensation

Remodeling

Continuous process of bone resorption and formation to maintain bone strength

Resorption

Process of breaking down bone tissue to release minerals into the blood

Transports Oxygen

Function of iron in hemoglobin to carry oxygen in the blood

Iodide/Iodine

Essential mineral for thyroid hormone production and regulation

Fluoride

Mineral important for dental health and preventing tooth decay

Zinc

Mineral crucial for growth, immune function, and aiding in vitamin A absorption

Vitamin D

Fat-soluble vitamin that enhances calcium absorption for bone health

Vitamin K

Fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting

Vitamin A

Fat-soluble vitamin important for vision and immune function

Vitamin E

Fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties

Vitamin C

Water-soluble vitamin crucial for collagen synthesis and immune health

Electrolytes

Minerals that carry an electric charge and regulate nerve and muscle function

Bicarbonate

An electrolyte important for acid-base balance and pH regulation

Catabolic

Metabolic processes that involve the breakdown of molecules to release energy

Anabolic

Metabolic processes that require energy to build complex molecules

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells

Vitamin B1

Thiamine

Vitamin B2

riboflavin

Vitamin B3

niacin

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxine

Vitamin B12

Cobalamin

Vitamin B9 (The teachers favorite)

folic acid

What fruit can you eat to get lots of B6

Bannanas

What can decrease the effectiveness of a vitamin (not minerals)

Oxygen, heat, and light

What has complete proteins?

Animal Products

21 grams of protein (is found in..)

3oz meat, poultry, fish

8 grams of protein (is found in..)

8oz of milk, yogurt, or 1oz of cheese

10 grams of protein (is found in..)

1/2 beans, legumes, or soy

3 grams of protein is found in..

1 serving of grains

2 grams of protein is found in..

1/2 cup of veggies

6 grams of protein is found in..

1 egg

How do you calculate the RDA for protein

Weight (in pounds) divided by 2.2 times your aerobic strength

what can alter the shape of a protein?

temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals

What are the two functions of electrolytes?

Acid based and fluid based balance

Cation

positive charge ions

Anion

negative charge ions

Characteristics of water-soluble vitamins

Less likely to be stored in the body and we need regular doses.

Characteristics of fat-soluble vitamins

More likely to be stored in the body, periodic dosing okay

What type of exercise will burn more fat

low intensity, long duration (aerobic)

Vitamin D3

Cholecalciferol

Vitamin D2

Ergocalciferol

Vitamin A (not toxic)

Beta-Carotene

Vitamin A (toxic)

Retinol

What is Retinol found in?

Animals

Vitamin E

alpha-tocopherol

Vitamin C

ascorbic acid

if your RER is close to 0.70 what are you burning?

Fat

if your RER is close to 1.0 what are you burning?

Carbs

how do you use the RER to convert to grams of fat?

you'd do the calories/9 (since its fat being burned)