CRANIAL NERVES & INNERVATION

CRANIAL NERVE I

olfactory nerve
- sense of smell
- sensory
- VA
- bipolar neurons

CRANIAL NERVE II

optic nerve
- sense of vision
- sensory
- SA
- bipolar neurons

CRANIAL NERVE III

oculomotor nerve
- innervates superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique
- motor
- SE and VE
- multipolar neurons

CRANIAL NERVE IV

trochlear nerve
- eye movement
- innervates superior oblique
- motor
- SE
- multipolar

CRANIAL NERVE V

trigeminal nerve
- facial sensation, muscles of mastication
- BOTH
- SE and SA
- multipolar and pseudo unipolar

CRANIAL NERVE VI

abducens nerve
- innervates lateral rectus muscle, which abducts eye
- motor
- SE
- multipolar

CRANIAL NERVE VII

facial nerve
- facial expression, taste, secretions of salivary and lacrimal glands
- BOTH
- SE, VE, SA, VA
- multipolar and pseudounipolar

CRANIAL NERVE VIII

vestibulocochlear nerve
- hearing and equilibrium
- sensory
- SA
- bipolar

CRANIAL NERVE IX

Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- gag reflex, pharyngeal muscles
- BOTH
- SE, VE, SA, VA
- multipolar and pseudounipolar

CRANIAL NERVE X

Vagus nerve
- laryngeal muscles (voice), pharyngeal muscles (swallowing)
- BOTH
- SE, VE, SA, VA
- multipolar and pseudounipolar

CRANIAL NERVE XI

spinal accessory nerve
- head-turning
- motor
- SE
- multipolar

CRANIAL NERVE XII

Hypoglossal nerve
- tongue movement
- motor
- SE
- multipolar

somatic efferent nerves

innervate skeletal muscle
- CN 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12

somatic afferent

sensations of vision, tactile and pain, hearing and equilibrium
- CN 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10

visceral efferent

innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
- CN 3, 7, 9, 10

visceral afferent

sensations from viscera including olfaction and taste
- CN 1, 7, 9, 10

which cranial nerves have bipolar neurons?

CN I, II, VIII

which cranial nerves has pseudounipolar neurons?

CN V, VII, IX, X

lesion of oculomotor nerve (III)

- eye deviation inferiorly and laterally (lateral strabismus)
- eyelid droops (ptosis)
- pupil dilates (mydriasis)
- pupillary light reflex lost

Lesion of trochlear nerve (IV)

eye deviates superiorly and laterally

lesion of abducens nerve (VI)

eye deviates medially (medial strabismus)

lesion of spinal accessory nerve (XI)

- difficulty shrugging ipsilateral shoulder
- difficulty turning head in contralateral direction

lesion of hypoglossal nerve (XII)

- tongue deviates ipsilaterally when protruded
- slurred speech (dysarthria)

lesion of olfactory nerve (I)

loss of smell (anosmia)

lesion of optic nerve (II)

ipsilateral blindness (anopsia)

Lesion of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

- ipsilateral deafness
- loss of equilibrium

lesion of trigeminal nerve (V)

- ipsilateral loss of tactile and pain for forehead and midface (V1 and V2)
- jaw deviates ipsilaterally when opened (V3)
- ipsilateral loss of tactile and pain for lower face (including anterior 2/3 tongue)

lesion of facial nerve (VII)

- ipsilateral paralysis of muscles of facial expression (Bell's palsy)
- ipsilateral loss of lacrimation and salivation
- ipsilateral loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

lesion of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

- ipsilateral loss of taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
- loss of gag reflex (sensory limb)

lesion of vagus nerve (X)

- uvula deviates contralaterally
- loss of gag reflex (motor limb)
- dysarthria