Ch13-14 Civics

**Chief of State:**

* The President is the ^^official representative of the U.S.^^
* Holds dinners for foreign visitors
* Awards the Congressional Medal of Honor

**Chief Executive:**

* The President is the ^^C.E.O. of the massive federal bureaucracy^^—not elected officials, and has over 3 million employees to manage.
* Nominates ==Cabinet members ex- secretary of state==
* Nominates the heads of other federal agencies, such as the CIA and FBI
* ^^Issues Executive Orders^^

**Chief Diplomat: —think foreign relationships**

* The President works with ^^global leaders and global^^ organizations like the UN (United Nations).
* Negotiates treaties
* Negotiates cease fires
* Negotiates arms deals/disarmament

**Commander in Chief:**

* The President is the ^^head of the U.S. armed services.^^
* Appoints the heads of the ^^military branches^^
* Instigates “armed conflicts” w/ foreign aggressors
* Makes decisions about the use of drones

**Chief Legislator:** 

* The President takes a VERY active role in trying to get Congress to ^^pass his policy promises.^^
* ^^Signs and vetoes bills— can’t make laws^^
* Lobbies Congress to get them to go along with his ideas
* Congressional liaisons office to monitor how Congress is treating his policy promises

**Chief of the Party**: 

* The President is the ^^head of the party.^^
* Gives campaign ^^speeches on behalf of other party members^^
* Campaigns for ^^party members^^ running for office

**Chief Citizen:** 

* He ^^represents^^ ^^Americans^^ and American traditions.
* Answers letters
* Easter egg hunt on the White House lawn
* Pardons turkeys at Thanksgiving time
* Lights the White House Christmas tree

**Chief Economist:** 

* One of the President’s most visible roles. Voters often hold the President ^^accountable^^ for the state of the ^^economy^^.
* Creates an annual budget
* Signs all spending bills
* Signs all new ^^tax^^ policies

**Chief Administrator:** 

* The ^^director^^ of executive branch
* Heads one of the largest governmental machines the world has known
* Employs more than 2.7 million civilians
* Spends 2.5 trillion a year.
* Manages sprawling executive branch

Describe the formal qualifications of the President: 

Be 35+ of age,

Natural born citizen

Lived in the US for 14 years or more.

Provide information on the President’s term length and limits. 

%%4 terms%% ^^in^^ %%office total of eight years%%^^. Can serve up to ten years as president^^

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Provide information on the salary and benefits.

^^50k^^ year expense allowance. The ^^finest medical, dental and other health care available, generous travel and enteriament funds and other fringe benefits.^^

 Define presidential succession.

^^Vice^^ President succeeds to office. ^^Then Speaker, President Temp Pro, Secretary of State^^

Take their place if they health concerns, resign, impeachment

According to the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, list the succession following the Vice President. 

^^Speaker of House and then President pro temp.^^ of Senate are next in line. Then followed by the ^^secretary of state and then by each other 14 heads of Cabinet departments.^^

Describe what happens if the President is unable to perform Presidential duties due to a disability. 

The Vice President is to become Acting President if the ==President informs Congress,== in writing, that he is ==unable to discharge the powers and duties== of his office or Vice President and a ==majority of members of Cabinet inform Congress in writing== that the President is so incapacitated==.==

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==25th amendment==

List the 2 formal duties of the ^^Vice President.^^

^^preside over the Senate^^

^^help decide the question of presidential disability.^^

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@@++President of Senate@@

VP is someone who appeals to different people.

Research online the difference between a presidential primary and caucus in a presidential election. 

^^Primaries involve voting by ballot,^^ whereas caucuses take place in a local meeting.

pp-a voter who casts a vote for a candidate standing for the Republican nomination for president cannot cast a vote for a candidate standing for the Democratic nomination, or vice versa.

caucus-A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The exact definition varies between different countries and political cultures.

what type of canidates usually turn for president: Informal qualifications

Presidents usually were

Business

\*\*Law

Trust the person

 role national conventions play in presidential elections. 

The convention system has been built by 2 major parties in American politics

\-national committee makes arrangements for the party's convention.

\-^^sets dates and picks a place for a meeting.^^

National committee issues its call for convention. Names the time and place and also the party’s organization in each State how many delegates may be sent for the national gathering based on electoral votes.

@@Huge democrats and republican convention to nominate their delegates@@

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@@select the party's nominee for popular election as President@@

 difference between a presidential primary and caucus in a presidential election. 

presidential primary- ==when members vote in a state election they want their presidential nominatee.==

Run by local and state governments

two types- opened and closed

==closed- person has to identify with a policital party==

* Meaning: identify if you are democrats or republicans before primary and vote on party lines. Declare head of time.

==open- can vote for whatever canidate you want. You can register as a republican, but pick a democrat==

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caucus- ==political party runs these private meetings.==

ex- Iowa caucus: first presidental election

overall purpose of the national convention. 

^^select the party delegates^^ for the general election both democrats and republicans ^^announce the presidental nominatee^^

 Why do we have an electoral college and who the electoral college is and what they do. 

electors elect president through citizens vote

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an amendment to get rid of electoral college

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538- amount of numbers in congress and three electors from DOC

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%%state parties- democrats and republicans- select a paper to show who they want to select for their electors%%

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++++cant be in house or senate

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@@48 states and DOC has winner takes all@@

@@if this elector gets more than 50.01%, they get all the electors@@

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@@2 states do proportional elections@@

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270 electors to be considered the President

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^^gets electorals based on population size^^

List examples of what the President can do (executive power). 

* command armed forces,


* @@to make treaties@@


* ==to approve or veto acts of Congress==


* %%to send and receive diplomatic representatives%%


* ^^to grant pardons and reprieves^^


* to take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.

Describe reasons why the presidential power has grown.

* increase economics and social life
* ^^mass media^^
* @@tv@@
* %%public demand,%%
* ==welfare==
* @@environment@@
* employment
* ==community==
* %%health%%

 List examples of how the President executes the law.

^^carry out laws executive branch has created^^

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ex-

The president can ^^approve the bill and sign it into law^^ or ^^not^^ ^^approve (veto) a bill.^^

 List examples of administrative work the President completes. 

* ^^Day to day work for departments^^ such as bureaus, offices, boards, commissions, councils, etc.

 Describe what an executive order is. 

@@Directive rule, or regulation@@ that has the @@effect of law.@@ 

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^^same effect^^ as the ^^law^^

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%%doesn’t%% have to %%go through Congress%%

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==questioned by judicial or stalled== then ==go through judicial system==

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^^next president can revoke it^^

 Describe the ordinance of power. 

ability ==president== has to ==make executive orders== by the ==Constitution and acts of Congress==

Describe who appointees are and list examples. 

1. %%Ambassadors%% and other %%diplomats%%
2. ^^Cabinet members^^ and their ^^top aides^^
3. The %%heads%% of such %%independent agencies%% as the EPA and NA and SA
4. All ==federal judges==, ==US marshals== and ==attorneys==
5. All %%officers in armed forces%%

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%%Recess appointments%%- to ==fill up vacancies== that may ==happen== during the ==recess of the senate==

What is a treaty and who does a President work with on a treaty?

==Formal agreement between two or more sovereign states.==

The President acts through the ==secretary of state==; the senate ==must give 2/3rds== of the ==vote== of ==members present==

Congress can ==repeal a treaty== by ==passing a law== contrary to its provisions and an existing law may be repealed by the terms of the treaty.

Describe an executive ^^agreement^^.

^^Pact^^ between The President and the head of a foreign state or between their subordinates. @@Don’t require Senate consent.@@

Describe the power of recognition.

The President receives the diplomatic representatives of another sovereign state.

Sovereign states recognize one another through the exchange of diplomatic representatives.

Describe duties of the Commander in Chief. 

Have ^^final authority over^^ and ^^responsibility for all military^^ ^^matters^^ and the most critical decisions.

**Summarize or list examples** of the **legislative power the President has.**

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The President can ^^call Congress into a special session^^

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^^Sign legislation into law or to veto bills^^ enacted by Congress

the postponement of execution of a sentence

(@@reschedule@@)- %%postpone punishment%%— ex 2019 someone had death sentence but was repreived because no evidence.

@@**reprieve**@@

is ^^legal forgiveness of a crime^^

@@president can grant this@@- forgiving them, ^^removing, general judisical power.^^

ex- water gates situtation where president @@gave forgivenesss@@ to former president

**pardon**

may be used only in cases involving ^^federal offenses^^

^^laid back, lessen.^^

**Clemency** **(mercy)**

george washington gave clemency

veterans to war.

includes the power to @@reduce the length of a sentence@@ or a find imposed by a %%co%%urt

length- reducing a sentence.

%%**Co**%%**mmutation (**@@**communiting**@@**) point a to point b**

2017 obama gave clemency to 330 inmates

david barron- life to 30 years and trump to 30-20 years in jail

in effect a blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators

==pardon granted to a group of people. Granting==

@@forgiveness@@ ==to a group of people==

example- jimmy carter gave forgiveness to 18 years olds in the draft

**Amnesty**

of presententing the President with @@four options@@ when @@he receives a measured passed by Congress@@

**The Veto Power**

to @@cancel spending bills@@ enacted by Congress.

%%if president wanted to change dollar amount- congress said you can’t too much power, so they have to go to Congress first.%%

**Line item veto**

what can the commander in chief do

duties- ^^making undeclared war^^- president can make decision.

who can declare war- congress

congress and president share war powers

^^military and appoints the officers, makes military decisions^^

^^commander in chief- can spend troops.^^

war power 1973

to ^^limit^^ ^^presidential military power.^^

presidents disagree because they dont want limited military power

^^consult congress^^

if president wants to make quick decision, they can but then need to talk to congress

legislative and judicial powers

legislative- law and people who right laws. Making laws. Roles of president is chief legislature. ^^4 ways presidents can make decision on bill.^^ Line item veto- president doesn’t have power.

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judicial- makes sure that laws are followed correctly.

amnesty

communtation

reprieve

pardon

clemency

more info of nc

The Republican National Convention (RNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1856 by the United States Republican Party. They are administered by the Republican National Committee. The goal of the Republican National Convention is to officially nominate and confirm a candidate for president and vice president, adopt a comprehensive party platform and unify the party, as well as publicize and launch the fall campaign. Delegates from all fifty U.S. states and from American dependencies and territories such as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands attend the convention and cast their votes. Like the Democratic National Convention, the Republican National Convention marks the formal end of the primary election period and the start of the general election season.

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The party's presidential nominee is chosen primarily by pledged delegates, which are in turn selected through a series of individual state caucuses and primary elections. The size of delegations to the Republican National Convention, for each state, territory, or other political subdivision, are described by Rule 14 of the party's national rules.\[1\] The party does not use superdelegates as does the Democratic Party, and all delegates are pledged to a candidate in some fashion.

The Republican Party's rules leave discretion to the states in choosing how to award their respective pledged delegates to the candidates. Some states may use a statewide winner-take-all method, where the primary candidate who receives the most popular votes in a state gets all of its pledged delegates. Other states may use a proportional representation system, where the pledged delegates are instead distributed to the candidates in proportion to its votes.\[2\]\[3\]