Chapter 7 - The Road to Extraordinary

Nigel effect

based on Nigel Richards, who was incredible at Scrabble and forced other players to look for ways to increase their own skill levels

intellectual

==Study:==

The parents of children who grew up to be mathematicians and neurologists didn’t introduce the children to the particular subject but rather to the appeal of _____ pursuits in general

general

==Study:==

The best teachers encourage their students to think about _____ patterns and processes, which sparked an intellectual interest that would drive their studies and later their research as mathematicians

master

==Study:==

During the last few decades, the performance of _____ athletes has improved at a much higher rate than that of younger athletes

7

==Study:==

The corpus callosum is significantly larger in adult musicians than in adult nonmusicians, but only in those who started practicing before __ years old

difference

==Study:==

Some parts of the brain involved in the control of movements are larger in musicians than in nonmusicians but show no _____ in size between those who started earlier and those who didn’t

more

==Study:==

People who speak 2 or more languages have ___ gray matter, and the earlier a person learned a second language, the ____ extra gray matter there is

contexts

==Study:==

People who were simultaneous interpreters had less gray matter than people who could speak the same number of languages due to the different _____ in which the learning took place

best

==Study:==

When trying to develop a perfect pitch in adults, those who saw the biggest improvements were those who started off with the ____ ear

earlier, more

==Study:==

Nobel Prize winners published scientific papers ______ than most of their peers and published _____ papers throughout their careers than others

motivation

The desire to play serves as a child’s initial ______ to try out one thing or another

passion

Future experts’ playful interaction with what has caught their interest is their first step toward what will eventually become their _____

supplemented

The initial curiosity-driven motivation needs to be ______ with praise or the satisfaction of having developed a certain skill

parents

Often experts have picked up the particular interests of their _____

similar

Simply by interacting strongly with their children, parents motivate their children to develop ______ interests

sibling

A child who sees an older ______ performing an activity and getting attention and praise from a parent will naturally want to join in and garner some attention and praise as well

motivating

Competition with siblings may be _______

younger

Generally, the _______ siblings have reached greater heights due to the presence of an older sibling fully engaged in an activity which provides many advantages for them

maintaining

The most important factor in the early phase of an expert’s development is ________ their interest and motivation while skills and habits are being built

child

The motivation must ultimately come from within the ______, or else it won’t endure

help

Parents and teachers can ______ children to find related activities they enjoy to provide long-term motivation

increase

Helping children develop mental representations can also ______ motivation by increasing their ability to appreciate the skill they are learning

internal

The motivation starts to shift from external to _____ in origin

pleasure

People who develop skills in a certain area through years of practice seem to get a great deal of ______ from engaging in that skill

support

In the 3rd phase of an expert’s development, the motivation lies solely with the student, but the family may still play an important _____ role

child

Expertise in some fields is simply unattainable for anyone who doesn’t start training as a ______

20

Athletes typically attain their peak performance sometime during their __s

less

Older people who continue to train regularly see their performance decrease much ______

adaptable

The body and the brain are more ______ during childhood and adolescence than in adulthood

changes

We can acquire new skills as we age, but the specific way in which we acquire those skills _____ as we get older

rid

Language learning that takes place in adulthood may take place more through getting _____ of gray matter that is inefficient

trained

The skill of recognizing notes can be ______ in some adults

unique

In the 4th stage of an expert’s development, people move beyond the existing knowledge in their field and make ______ creative contributions

expert

Innovators have always worked to become _____ performers in their fields before they started breaking new ground

geniuses

The process of coming up with innovations for creative _______ is always long, slow, and iterative

Creativity

______ goes hand in hand with the ability to work hard and maintain focus over long stretches of time

learn

Once a pathfinder shows how something can be done, others can _____ the technique and follow

possible

Simply knowing that something is ______ drives others to figure it out