Purposive communication

Communication

exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts and views between people

context

is the circumstance or environment in which communication takes place. Such circumstance may include the physical or actual setting, the value positions of a speaker/listener, and the relevance or appropriateness of a message conveyed.

communication mode, context, purpose and style

3 kinds of communication

verbal-non verbal communication

Effective communication calls for the blending of these two types. One cannot be separated from the other.

visual communication

The type of communication that uses visuals to convey information and/or messages.

intrapersonal communication

Self or inner talk, inner monologue, or inner dialogue.

interpersonal communication

-Interactive exchange

-Can also occur in small groups aka group communication.

extended communication

-Involves the use of electronic media.

-Unlike before when it only called for the use of television and radio, nowadays, the description of it may be expanded to include tele, phone conferencing, video-confering, Skype calls, and other technological means.

organizational communication

-Role of organization communication plays in organizational contexts; comprises individuals who work for a company.

-For an organization to be successful, a system of communication should be established; set of rules and standards for communication protocol.

formal structure, informal structure

2 types of organizational structure

formal structure

Allows communication to take place via designated channels or messages flow between positions in the organization.

downward communication, upward communication, horizontal communication, crosswise communication

four approach of formal structure

informal structure

-Comes from unofficial channels of message flow.

-Also known as 'grapevine'

-Occurs due to dissatisfaction of some employees accompanied by uncertainty

-Gossips, rumors, favoritism

intercultural communication

-Communication between or among people who have different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social and professional backgrounds. Even gender difference affects communication.

-Individuals having different orientations communicate and interpret messages differently; verbal and non-verbal.

formal communication

-Employs formal language delivered orally or in written form.

-Lectures, public talks, speeches, research and project proposals, reports, laws and business letters are considered formal situations and writings.

informal communication

Involves personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family members and acquaintances.

Be clear with your purpose

Be complete with the message you deliver

Be concise

Be natural with your delivery

Be specific and timely with your feedback

principles of effective oral communication

Clarity

Conciseness

Concreteness

Correctness

Cohesion

Completeness

Courtesy

principles of effective written communication

communication mode

-Refers to the channel through which one expresses his/her communicative intent.

-It is the medium through which one conveys his/her thoughts.

-Views or feelings can be communicated through face-to-face interaction, video or audio.

Face-to-Face

Video

Audio

Text-based Communication

modes of communication

face-to-face communication

-It is an informal or casual conversation between two or more people.

-People engage in social conversations to establish relationships or maintain them. It is one way of gaining new acquaintances or friends.

how to speak

what to speak

when to speak

to whom you are speaking

face-to-face speak list

video communication

-Web cameras are used so that two or more people who cannot interact face-to-face can communicate.

-If there are no technical glitches encountered, this could be a very effective mode of communication especially for people separated by distance.

audio communication

-In this mode of communication, only the voice of the speaker is heard. Ordinarily through telephone or answering machine.

-An obvious downside is not being able to see the body language or cues of the person you are talking to.

-Especially difficult when listening to people with different accents.

text-based communication

-Email, text messaging, instant messaging and social media networking sites offer text-based interaction.

-Has a wider reach than video and audio and can disseminate information to a bigger audience quickly.

Lasswell

David Berlo

Shannon and Weaver

code

is a system of rules to convert info

tone, pronunciation, diction, accent, speed

verbal cue's

high context culture

-leaves the message unspecified

-understood through non-verbal cues and between the line interpretation

arabs, central european, latin americans, asian

countries under high context culture

inner circle, outer circle, expanding circle

3 concentric countries

low context culture

-straight to the point

-expect message to be explicit & specific

germanic and english speaking countries

countries under low context culture

sequential culture, synchronic culture

2 types of time culture

sequential culture

business people give full ambition to one agenda item after another

synchronic culture

long-term planning time is viewed as a sort of circle (past, present, future)

north america, english, swedish, dutch

countries under sequential culture

south america, asia, southern europe

countries under synchronic culture

relational culture

affective and neutral

affective culture

-emotions are explicitly stated and shown

-people freely express what they feel readily showing emotions

philippines, france, italy, australia

countries under affective culture

neutral culture

-does not really show emotion

-conservative

-monitor the amount of emotions they display

japan, korea, china

countries under neutral culture

inner circle

countries that view English as their native language (ENL)

americans, europeans, australians, new zealand

countries under inner circle

outer circle

English as a second language (ESL)

philippines, bangladesh, kenya, india, malaysia

countries under outer circle

expanding circle

English as a Foreign Language

china, japan, korea, indonesia, taiwan

countries under expanding circle

lexicon

varieties of english

language register

formality of a language

formal register

employs formal language

informal register

employs informal language

job interview, proposals, organizational journal, professional objective, objective partial

formal register example

jargons, casual, textese, colloquial words

informal register example

language style

-degree of formality of the language

-context or the social situation

academic, textese, legalese, professional

examples of language style

language genre

-associated with the organization of culture

-is a set of language system