Dissociative Identity Disorders and Schizophrenia

dissociation

changes in attention and consciousness

dissociation becomes pathological when...

you involuntarily escape from reality and cause a disconnect in thoughts, consciousness, memory, and identity

symptoms of dissociative disorders

memory loss, depersonalization and derealization, depression, anxiety, lack of self-identity, identity confusion

subtypes of dissociative disorders

dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, depersonalization disorder, DID

dissociative amnesia/fugue

loss of memory, forget who you are

depersonalization disorder

combination of depersonalization and derealization

DID

dissociative identity disorder, 2+ distinct personalities with ongoing mental gaps, physiological evidence (why its controversial)

psychotic disorders

disorders characterized by profound disruptions in psychological processes that make distorted perceptions of reality, altered/blunted affect, and disturbances in thoughts, memories, and behaviors

3 categories of symptoms for schizophrenia

positive, negative, cognitive

positive symptoms

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behavior, catatonic behavior

delusions

false personal beliefs developed from incorrect perceptions of reality

types of delusions

grandiose, persecutory, control, guilt, indentity

hallucinations

false perceptions with no real cause

disorganized speech

clang associations

catatonic behavior

muscular rigidity or stupor

etiology of DID

trauma that causes compartmentalization, negative self-development, unevenly shared memories

negative symptoms

emotional/social withdrawal, avolition, alogia

avolition

apathy and no motivation

alogia

disruptions in language output

cognitive symptoms

poor concentration, poor memory, difficulty understanding, slow mental processing

diagnosis for schizophrenia

presence of symptoms for at least 1 month and ongoing for 6

prevalence of schizophrenia

0.5-1.2%

general age of onset for scizophrenia

16-25(later in women)

5 symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/behavior, lack of emotional and social regulation

biological etiology of schizophrenia

heritability, sensitivity to dopamine, 25% less gray matter in frontal and temporal lobes (coordinate thinking and judgement), blood activation levels lower in inner-parietal and medial-frontal cortex

environmental etiology of schizophrenia

birth problems, malnutrition in utero, viral diseases, urban society