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Where in the States is Salem?
Massachusetts
Where did the settlers in Massachusettes come from and when did they settle?
England
Arrived on the Mayflower 1620
They were Puritans!
When was the Massachusetts Bay Colony established and on what principles?
1629
Established on Puritan principles
Meant they were mindful that the Devil was present and attempting to lure people into being witches
What was different about the Puritans in Massachusetts than those in England?
More militant
Refused to tolerate beliefs of other denominations
Followed strict religious principles
Preachers spoke out against magic
Who was the first witch to be executed in the colonies and when?
Alice Young
1646
27 more hung before the Salem trials 1692
Was witch hunting common before 1692 in New England?
No
Only 100 cases heard in last 50 years
Only 25% of those resulted in execution
How many died in the Salem witch hunts?
20
How many accused in the Salem witch hunts?
200
What are some of the potential causes of the witch hunt?
Fear
Scapegoating
Community isolated = heightened fear of the Devil
Tituba’s confession
Tensions between old settles and newcomers
Tension between rich and poor
What happened April 1630?
First to arrive in Salem
Included Governor John Winthrop and 800 other colonists
Carried a colonial charter saying the colony was a possession of the crown
Why were the 1630’s a difficult time for English Puritans?
Charles I and Laud pursuing high church policies and punishing religious radicals (like them)
How many Puritans migrated to Massachusetts 1630-42?
approx. 10,000
Who governed Massachusetts and what did they resist?
Government of Mas. was dominated by Puritans
Colony became resistant to Charles II’s attempts to allow the CoE to be established
How was Puritanism evidently central to Salem’s government and society?
Residents had to pay taxes to the church
Not compulsory to be a member of the church
However members were given the exclusive right to vote for local officials
Non-Puritans could be banished for spreading dissent
What was Charles II most concerned with and how did he attempt to tackle this?
Wanted to extend royal influence over his colonies by centralising control in the hands of the court
Massachusetts was most resistant colony
He attempted to revoke the royal charter in 1678
Then tried to consolidate all New England colonies into 1 in 1681
How did the Puritans resist Charles’ attempts?
Their resistance meant the charter wasn’t formally annulled till 1684
Who took control after Charles II and what did he do?
James II, his Catholic brother
He could administer all NE colonies as the Dominion of New England
Gave governance of this to Sir Edmund Andros
Who was Sir Edmund Andros?
Had experience as a soldier
Also had high church tendencies = unpopular amongst the Puritans on his council
What were some of Andros’ unpopular policies that contributed to his fall?
Attempted to impose CoE services on Puritan churches - he was suspected of Catholic sympathies
Introduced new taxes focused on import and export duties - there hadn’t been tax laws prior so cultivated resentment
Landownership of the Puritans was void and they had to pay to take back ownership
Restricted number of town meetings held as they bred discontent
When did James issue a Declaration of Indulgence?
April 1687
It removed the penal laws against Catholics
This was unpopular and lead to his removal and the invitation of William III
When did William III arrive in England?
Dec 1688
It is decided he will rule with James’ protestant daughter Mary
