sociology exam 2 - chapter 5 (socialization)

socialization

process by which people learn and internalize culture

social reproduction

the process of learning culture

example of social reproduction

children learn culture through their parents

Mead’s theory of development: taking the role of other

imitate, play, game

imitate

copy the gestures of others (baby learns to smile/wave from parents)

play

take on the role of particular others and adopt limited roles (able to understand the role of seeker and hider in hide and seek)

game

understand + take multiple roles AND understand + take perspective of the group (need strategy to play monopoly) have to understand being apart of a team and must take expected role (attitude of group and community)

self-consciousness and Mead

self-consciousness is an individual’s awareness of how others see them and Mead believed people are not born with a sense of self but learn through social interactions like Cooley’s self-looking glass

generalized other

an other that represents the whole community of players and ultimately of society (as children become older, they begin to understand rules, norms, and values of society)

self

a person’s ability to see themselves from the perspective of others

me

self that has internalized the generalized reactions/attitudes of other members of society. tends to be habitual, rule-following, conforming part of the self (social self)

i

self’s unsocialized impulses and attitudes that respond to the reactions/attitudes of others in a creative and active way

relationship of “me” and “i”

the “me” often censors and holds back the “I”

relationship between self, me, and i

self = me + i

what does a stronger “me” mean

more conforming, adhere to social norms, seeks to fit in

what does a stronger “i” mean

more individuality and more deviant. tends to stimulate cultural change

agents of socialization

family, school, peers/friends, media

what agents of socialization is most influential

family

example of family learned socialization

manners, working hard, values/beliefs, gender roles, language, etc

example of school learned socialization

patience, being quiet, respect to authority, time management, critical thinking

example of peers learned socialization

empathy/thinking beyond oneself, slang, how to make friends

example of media learned socialization

culture symbols, news

social identity

characteristics attributed to a person by others

self identity

person’s own understanding of who they are

master status

primary social identity that defines a person and influences their societal roles + behaviors

role strain

person faces competing demands within particular role

example of role strain

parents have competing demands between raising children, working, marriage/relational obligations, etc

role conflict

two or more of a person’s role conflict

example of role conflict

part-time employee conflicts with being a student

ethnomethodology

study of everyday life and how people make sense of their social interactions (how social order if produced and maintained by interaction)