India

Mughals

Founded by Babur, who conquered current day India and Pakistan for his empire. Akbar brought religious tolerance and allowed for diversity in the Mughal Empire. Imposed taxes on nonmuslims and created new infrastructure across the empire.

East India Company

A privately owned company that worked for the British military. It was run by the founders who were mainly politicians and other rich, influential figures. It is responsible for controlling a large majority of India in its markets as well as majorly influencing the laws put in place.

Factory-Forts

These were small forts set up around trade locations and storehouses in India. They were known for the walled compounds and the Sepoys who guarded the markets and goods there.

Sepoys

These were soldiers of Indian ancestry who were most often stationed at British factory forts. Their job was simply to protect the markets and goods that they had stored there. They would often struggle against the British for more rights and equality.

Regulating Act of 1773

This act created a board of directors to help manage the East India Company. It was done to help control and manage the massive influence that this private company had on India.

India Act of 1784

This established a dual system of control between the British government and the East India Company. It was another act to make sure the British retained control over India.

The Great Mutiny/ Sepoy Rebellion

The sepoys' rebellion was inflamed by the disrespect for the sepoys' religions. Many of the sepoys fought back against Great Britain for going against their religion. They broke the partnership between India and Great Britain which led to an eventual war between the countries

Caste System

This is a system of political/governmental power that has been a part of India for a long period of time. It had many tiers to it that would determine your rank and social status. It would be seen as barbaric and would be challenged by the British government.

Brahmins

They were the highest rank in the caste system in India. They were given the highest level of respect and the most power. During British rule, they often worked with the British and would transition into roles in the new government.

Indian Civil Service

Brahman elites and whites ruled India. The White people were the highest power on the Indian social ladder.

Tenant Farming

This was a product of the British industrialization of India. They transitioned from rural small farms into large fields. The people who ran these new farms were often given small wages and taxed highly on their goods.

Indian National Congress

This was the first political party made up of Indians under British rule. They started the fight for an independent India, as well as many other reforms for more equality as a whole.

India in WWI

During this time India supported the British with supplies and goods. This has caused high inflation, taxes, food shortages, and even a flu epidemic.

Lucknow Pact

This was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. These were the two biggest political parties at the time uniting in a common goal of a free India.

Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi

Fought for India's independence from Britain and fought using peaceful demonstrations. He eventually won India's independence but it led to chaos and many deaths.

Rowlatt Acts

This was a law passed by the Imperial Legislative Council that allowed for the persecution of people without trial and the persecution of people without a jury. This caused a major uprising against the unfair treatment of people in India.

Amritsar Massacre

This was the slaughter of 300-1500 peaceful protestors against the Rowlatts Act and the murder of important political protests. This large crowd was surrounded by British troops and fired upon until they ran out of ammo. It led to the British entirely rethinking their use of force in these situations and much public concern.

Satyagraha (“Soul Force”)

This was the idea of beating your enemy through spiritual means. He proclaimed that simply saying no without the use of violence by any means would guilt the British or the opposing side into changing their ways.

Natal

This is where Satyagraha first applied his idea of “soul force” to protest a bad thing. This would work out in his favor and things would begin to change. Before Satyagraha, indentured servants in Africa who had earned their freedom were being mistreated and discriminated against. 

Jawaharlal Nehru

He was the first Prime minister of free India and a big influence in the anticolonial/free India movement.

Salt March

This was a non-violent protest by Gandhi that included him and many of his followers walking from his retreat to the Arabian Sea Coast. This protest was to fight against the British ban on making salt. As well as the killing and jailing of people who continued to make salt.

Hindu-Muslim schism

After India gained its independence the Hindus and Muslims fought over separation while the government and large figures tried to keep the country together. Eventually, they split and it resulted in many deaths and hate between the religions because of many disputes over land and religious disputes. Many of the deaths came from people not moving to the respected new country for each religion.

Muslim League

This was a political party that fought for the separation of India and the British as well as the safety of Muslims in the new world. This league was generally for the separation of Hindus and Muslims into separate countries after Britain's departure. 

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

He was the leader of the Muslim League and the fiercest opponent to a unified India. He was also for the separation of Muslims and Hindus after the British removal. This idea would go through and end up horribly.

Quit India Movement

Ghandi convinced India to fight for its independence while Great Britain was busy at war. After the war, it was hard to justify Great Britain staying in India so they left leading to India's independence.

Pakistan Partition

The ____________ was an idea led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, he wanted the separation of Hindus and Muslims to keep people of his religion safe. It became very controversial for India and was battled by the government and other big names like Ghandi. It was eventually passed and instantly became a huge problem with many people from both religions fighting and killing each other. The partition was put in place very quickly and many people got caught up on the wrong side of the new borders, leading to their death.

Louis Mountbatten

Was the last viceroyalty of India from Great Britain. During India's separation issues, he wrote letters on his opinion on the matter which supported Jinnah and the separation.