TRIADS AND TESTS

Classical triad of accommodation

The combination of Accomodation, Meiosis, and Convergence.

Glaucoma Triad

High Intraocular Pressure (IOP), Visual field defect, Optic nerve damage.

Vogt's Triad

Pigment deposits on the endothelium, Iris atrophy, Glaucomflecken.

Triad in congenital glaucoma

Blepharospasm, Photophobia, Lacrimation.

Triad in Retinitis pigmentosa

Bony spicule pigmentation, Attenuated blood vessels, Pale optic disk.

CPC Triad

Cyanosis, Petechiae, Congestion.

Marshall Triad

Patterned abrasion, Contusion, Laceration (associated with secondary blast injury).

Samter's Triad

Asthma, Nasal polyp, Aspirin (ASA) intolerance.

Mackler's Triad

Vomiting, Chest pain, Subcutaneous emphysema (related to Boerhave syndrome).

Saint's Triad

Gallstone disease, Hiatus hernia, Diverticulosis of colon.

Rigler's Triad

Pneumobilia (air in gallbladder), Multiple air-fluid levels, Intestinal stone.

Charcot's Triad of Cholangitis

Pain, Fever, Jaundice.

Beck's Triad

Elevated jugular venous pressure, Muffled heart sounds, Hypotension.

Virchow's Triad of thrombosis

Endothelial injury, Stasis or turbulence, Hypercoagulability.

Potter's Triad

Pulmonary hyperplasia, Renal anomalies, Contracted & malfigured limbs with a compressed face (associated with severe oligohydramnios).

O'Donoghue's Triad

Injury to ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), MCL (medial collateral ligament), and medial meniscus.

Trotter's Triad

Conductive hearing loss, Palatal palsy due to 10th nerve damage, Neuralgia in the temporoparietal region due to 5th nerve involvement.

Hemochromatosis Triad

Bronze skin pigmentation, Liver cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus.

Behcet's Disease Triad

Uveitis, Genital ulcers, Oral ulcers.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Triad

Palpable purpura, Arthritis, Abdominal pain.

Meig's Syndrome Triad

Pleural effusion, Ascites, Tumor.

Virchow's Triad

Vessel injury, Hypercoagulability, Reduced blood flow.

Alkaptonuria Triad

Black urine on standing, Onchronotic pigmentation, Arthritis.

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Triad

Thrombocytopenia, Eczema, Recurrent infections.

Murphy's Triad

Right lower quadrant pain, Fever, Vomiting.

Beck's Triad for Cardiac Tamponade

Diminished heart sounds, Decreased blood pressure, Distended neck veins (increased JVP).

Cushing's Triad (Raised Intracranial Pressure)

Bradycardia, Irregular breathing, Elevated systolic blood pressure.

Saint's Triad (reiterated)

Gallstone disease, Hiatal hernia, Diverticulosis.

Adom test

Test used to diagnose Scoliosis.

Allen test

Assessment for Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis.

Aldehyde test

Diagnostic test for Leprosy.

Phosphate test

Test related to Pasteurization.

Patch test

Procedure to identify Allergic Reactions.

Tourniquet test

Test for Dengue.

Urea Breath test

Test for Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) infection.

Schick test

Test to determine susceptibility to Diphtheria.

Dick test

Diagnostic procedure for Scarlet Fever.

Rothers test

Test for Acetone presence in Urine.

Hey test

Test for Bile Salt in Urine.

Smith test

Test for Bile Pigment in Urine.

Benedict test

Test to measure Urine Glucose.

Kveim test

Test for Sarcoidosis.

Rinne & Weber test

Tests for Hearing ability.

Direct Coomb test

Test for Hemolytic Anemia.

Ishihara test

Test for Color Vision deficiency.

Snellen Chart test

Test for Distance Vision acuity.

Confrontation test

Assessment of Central and Peripheral Vision.

Jegar's type Card test

Test for Near Vision.

Schilling test

Test for Vitamin B12 Absorption.

Histamine test

Used to diagnose Leprosy.

Roller Over test

Test associated with Pre-Eclampsia.

Fern Test or Nitrizine test

Test for leakage of Amniotic fluid.

VDRL test

Screening test for Syphilis.

VMA (Vanillyl Mandelic Acid) test

Test for Pheochromocytoma.

Glucose Tolerance test

Assessment for Diabetes Mellitus.

Glycosylated Hemoglobin / HbA1c test

Test for long-term Diabetes Mellitus control.

Water Deprivation test

Test for Diabetes Insipidus.

Treadmill / Stress test

Assessment of Heart Function.

Triple test

Screening for Down Syndrome.

D-Dimer test

Measures Clot formation (DVT, PE, DIC).

Trendelenburg test

Diagnostic test for Varicose Veins.

Phallen / Tinel test

Tests for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Gold QunatiFeron test

Test for Tuberculosis.

Bangle Test

Assessment for Protein Energy Malnutrition.

Tensilon test

Test for Myasthenia Gravis.

Romberg test

Assessment of Neurological Function / Balance or Gait.

Knee Kiss test

Test for Meningitis in Children.

Tzank test

Diagnostic test for Herpes Genital or Varicella.

Frie test

Test for Lymphogranuloma inguinale.

Widal test

Test for Typhoid (on the 2nd week of illness).

Weilfelix test

Test for Typhoid fever.

Bonny test / Marshall test

Test for Stress Incontinence.

Binnet test

Assessment for Intelligence Quotient.

Sweat Chloride test

Test for Cystic fibrosis.

Hanging Drop test

Test for Cholera.

Paul Bunnel test

Test for Epstein Barr Virus.

Shake test / Bubble test

Assessment for Surfactant and Fetal Lungs Maturity.

Rubin test

Test for Patency of Fallopian Tube.

Tape test

Test for Pin Worm infestation.

Ortho Tolidin test

Check for Chlorine levels in Water.

Dexa Scan

Test for Bone Metabolic Diseases (e.g., Osteoporosis).

Heel to Shin test

Test for Body Coordination.

Halo test

Test for CSF Leakage.

Dexamethasone Suppression test

Test for ACTH or Pituitary / Adrenal Gland Tumors.

Arthrocentesis

Test for Joint Inflammation and Infection.

Holter Monitoring

24-hour ECG Monitoring in Dysrhythmia.

Pulmonary Function test

Measures Lung Volume and Capacity (By Spirometer).

SGOT & SGPT (AST/ALT)

Liver Function Test.

PAP’s Smear

Screening test for Cancer of the Cervix.

Creatinine Clearance test

Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

Wood's Light Examination

Assessment for Superficial Skin infections.

Burrow Ink test

Test for Scabies / The Itch.

Braden Scale

Measurement of Bed Sore Integrity.

Facial nerve suppliage

All salivary glands (submandibular, sublingual, and lacrimal) are supplied by the facial nerve except the Parotid gland, which is supplied by the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve.