APUSH Chapter 11

U.S. Invasion of Canada

Americans frittered away their strength in the three-pronged invasion of 1812. The trio of invading forces that set out from Detroit, Niagara, and Lake Champlain were all beaten back shortly after crossing the Canadian border. The US navy did much better than the army.

Burning of Washington D.C.

British forces advanced rapidly on Washington and easily dispersed some 6 thousand militia men, invaders then entered the capital and set fire to most of the public buildings.

Attack on Fort McHenry

British fleet hammered fort McHenry with their cannon but couldn’t capture the city. Francis Scott Key was watching from a ship and was inspired to write the star-spangled banner.

Battle of New Orleans

Victory of American forces against the British, restored American confidence and fueled Nationalism, Final battle in the war of 1812.

Andrew Jackson

a national hero, sang praises after the battle of New Orleans, opposed the bank of america and objected to the right of all states to nullify laws and increased presidential power.

Treaty of Ghent

 Ended War of 1812 in virtual draw, restored prewar borders but failed to address conflicts that caused the war.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of federalists where they listed their complaints against ruling DR, these actions were viewed as traitorous and caused the federalist to lose influence.

Results of War of 1812

American nationalism, death to the federalist party, Native Americans forced Jackson to cede 20 million acres of territory, america turned away from Europe

Sectionalism

loyalty to one’s own region of the country rather than the country as a whole

Post-war nationalism

 American pride that swept the nation due to a sense of unity, manifested through literature, painters, and the revival of the Bank of the United States.

Tariff of 1816

first protective tariff mainly to protect New England manufactures from inflow of British goods after the War of 1812.

The American System

 Henry Clay’s 3 pronged system, advocated for a national Bank, protective tariffs, and federally funded transportation network, emphasized strong role of federal government

Henry Clay

Northern American politician who created the American system

Erie Canal

Artificial waterway through upstate New York which allowed goods to be transported to and from the Old Northwest quickly

Era of Good Feelings

name for period during Monroe presidency to describe the one-party system, overlooked bitter conflicts such as internal improvement, slavery, and the national bank, a time of nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion.

James Monroe

5th president, democratic republican party

Panic of 1819

a natural post war depression caused by the bank in overspeculation to the new territories, brought deflation, depression, bankruptcy, unemployment and is blamed on the National Bank

Western movement

continuation of generations old westward movement, cheap land appealed to European immigrants, economic distress caused people to move to the west,building highways made it easier to move

Cumberland or National Road

one of the first major improved highways in the US, ran from Maryland to Illinois

Tallmadge amendment

sought to forbid further introduction of slaves in Missouri and all children born into slave families should be free at 25, paved way to gradual emancipation but law failed, south opposed amendment which was seen as a threat to the balance between the North and South.

Missouri Compromise

Allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state to keep balance between North and South, carved Maine from Massachusetts and prohibited slavery in territories acquired from Louisiana Purchase

Peculiar Institution

term for institution of American slavery in the south, reflected growing division between North and South

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Maryland taxed banknotes from Bank of United States claiming the bank was unconstitutional, using implied powers, john marshall countered the claim, strengthened federal power by claiming that Maryland did not have the power to tax the national bank.

John Marshall’s decisions

helped bolster the power of the national government at the expense of the states, helped create a uniform, stable, environment for business, checked the excess of popularity elected state legislatures

Oregon Country

anglo-american convention treaty further provided for a ten year joint occupation of the distant Oregon Country, no surrender of the rights or claims of either America or Britain.

South American revolutions

Upheavals in South America caused Spain to move their soldiers from Florida, gave Jackson the opportunity to invade and capture cities.

Adams-Onis Treaty (Florida Purchase Treaty)

Spain ceded Florida to the United States, Spain retained territory from Texas to California but gave up its rights to Oregon country.

Monroe Doctrine

warning European nations from seek territory in America, lacked power to enforce warning so it was backed by the British