ap gov foundations test

anti-federalists

opposed the ratification of the constitution and support the BOR

order of founding documents

DOI, AOC, Constitution, BOR

when were the AOC made

1781-1787

when and where was the constitutional convention

1787 in philadelphia

what was the purpose of the constitutional convention

fix the AOC which caused them to create federalism

what is federalism

sharing of powers between federal and state governments - established by constitution

what were the main ideas in the age of enlightenment

question choosing gods choosing of divine rulers and people governing themselves

shays rebellion

1786/7 (10 months) when daniel shay led war veteran farmers to revolt them going bankrupt due to the high competition and low reward - threatened to kill tax collectors and burn down homes - army had to be called in to take them down

AOC order

1. leg branch 2. exec branch 3. jud branch

constitution outline

preamble, 7 articles, formal amendments

what do the social contract and DOI have in common

they support the natural rights of the people

Johne Locke

Life, Liberty, Property and social contract + the belief that people can compromise to create democracy

Thomas Hobbes (leviathon)

believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority to escape the state of nature -
initiated the idea of the social contract - pessimist - hammurabis code

what is political science

who governs (branches) and to what cost (majority rules)

how does democracy work

popular sovereignty and majority rules while minorities maintain their rights

social contact theory

people created a gov that protects life, liberty, and property while the people gave up perfect freedom to obey laws

impunity

no punishment for bad behavior

why did humans create a gov 6-9k years ago

leaving uncivilized society (state of nature) to a civilized society for greatest protections of life, liberty, and property

define democracy

(greeks) demos - the people
cracy - rule

what is unitary government

all political power is centralized an resides with 1 person or a small group of people (king george with the colonies)

what is a confederal government

created by the AOC - intentional weak central gov, individual states have power

what is the role of a citizen

vote - pay taxes - participate in the gov

why are taxes important

create a stream of revenue that the gov uses to pay for society´s needs (gov services)

participatory democracy

citizens have the power to decide directly on policy and politicians are responsible for implementing those policies

pluralist democracy

not one group dominates political power, organized groups compete to influence policy

elite democracy

the wealthy and well-educated influence polical decisions (minority over majority)

popular sovereignty

a government in which the people rule by their own consent.

what is judicial review

power of federal court to declare laws unconstitutional

what is a limited government

Government with limited powers strictly defined by law

what are separation of powers

the idea that power in government is separated between equal branches

what are checks and balances

no branch has more power than another

what is republicanism

The government derives its power from the people and their elected representatives

due process of law

denies the government the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty, and property

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"Social Contract" he explained an ideal society where each community member would vote on issues and majority would become one law.

Baron de Montesquieu

believed government should have separation of powers

four weaknesses of the AOC

confederal government - no military - no tax power - no national court system - no gov regulation of interstate commerce

"All power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely"

It is in human nature that the more power one desires the more corrupt actions one must do to attain it so the framers used this philosophy to realize Britain wasn´t protecting their god given rights so it caused them to revolt and fight for change

what are god given rights

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (property)

who created the bill of rights

James Madison / anti-federalists

federalists

supported ratification of the constitution

who created the declaration of independence

Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin / continental congress

what are the 27 amendments to the constitution

grievances the colonists had with great Britain (taxation without representation)

what was the agrarian revolution

change in farming practices,created economic opportunities and conflict

timeline of the earliest forms of government

agrarian revolution - state of nature - earliest form of government (social contract theory)