Science Chapter 2 Vocab

cell membrane

protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment

cytoplasm

constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains heredity material and is the location of most of a c

cell wall

rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria

organelle

structure in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic call that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances

nucleus

organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA; positively charged, central part of an atom

chloroplast

green, chlorophyll-containing, plant-cell organelle that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water

mitochondrion

cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy

ribosome

small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins

endoplasmic reticulum

cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell and is made up of a complex series of folded membranes; can be rough (with attached ribosomes) or smooth (without attached ribosomes)

Golgi body

organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell

tissue

group of similar cells that work together to do one job

organ

structure, such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together

photosynthesis

process by which most plants, some protists, and many types of bacteria makes their own food

magnify

to increase the size of something

cell theory

states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells

disease

a condition that results from the disruption in function of one or more of an organism’s normal process

virus

a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating

host cell

living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli

lysosomes

contains digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell water, and worn-out cell parts

vacuole

a membrane-bound space for temporary storage of materials. it can store waste, water, food, or other cellular material