Introduction to Radiology QUIZ 1

mobility muscles

called white muscles; are found in limbs

have long, white tendons and cross 2 or more joins

stability muscles

called red muscles, are found in the torso

large expanses of red belly muscles and provide postural support

biomechanics

a branch of physics that applies the laws of mechanics to living creatures; examines the action of forces on bodies at rest or in motion and can be used to design safer work environments

base of support

the base of support is the foundation on which the body rests; it is important to have a good base of support (wider stance, more support)

center of gravity

a hypothetical point at which all the mass appears to be concentrated; gravitational forces appear to act on the entire body from this specific point

in humans, the COG is at the sacral level 2

to be safe

the center of gravity must always be over the base of support

effective transfers

should use white mobility muscles for lifting and red postural muscles for support

lift with legs, keep your back straight, bend and straighten at the knees

principles of lifting

let, ask, inform, apply, keep, never

orthostatic hypotension

is a condition caused by a drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands too quickly from a recumbent to an upright position

wheelchair transfer

• standby assist

• assisted standing pivot

• two-person lift

• hydraulic lift

standby assist

• simply assist patient from chair to table

• place the wheelchair at a 45-degrees angle to the table; stand near patient

assisted standing pivot transfer

• transfer with or without galt belt

• block knees and feet

• stand patient and pivot to table

two-person lift

• stronger person lifts torso and other lifts the feet

• stronger person verbally coordinates counting out loud

hydraulic lift

• hydraulic lift transfers have multiple steps and require some skill

• never use alone, without assistance

• utilizes a swing type of apparatus

cart transfers

• to move patient from cart to to radiographic table and back again

• 3 people usually perform a cart-to-table transfer

• use slider board and thin plastic sheets overbroad, called patrons

log rolling

• logrolling is a technique used to turn a patient whose body must always be kept in a straight alignment

• this technique is used for the patient who has a spinal injury

• used for the patient, who must be turned in one movement, without twisting

commonly attached medical equipment

• patient may arrive in the radiology department with items clipped or affixed to their bodies to deliver or drain away fluids

• include: oxy tubing, intravenous lines, central lines, post surgical drains, urine bags

patient position

• for a desired body part to be examined, patients need to be moved into a variety of different positions

• patient must be transferred as a single unit, placed on the table in a safe and secure position, and than moved segmentally into the desired body position

supine

• patient lying flat on back

prone

• patient lying face down

lateral

• patient lying on their side

sims’

• patient lying obliquely on their side with knee drawn upward

treneleburg

• lying with head lower than feet

fowler

• lying head higher than feet

immobilization

• act of rendering immoveable; reduce patient motion

restraint

• hindrance of an action or movement

  • WE IMMOBILIZE, NOT RESTRAINT

simple immobilization techniques

• involved the use of a positioning sponge to support the anatomic area of interest or gently laying a sandbag across a patient

involved immobilization techniques

• more complex techniques might involved completely wrapping an infant in a sheet or securing an infant to an immobilizer board

voluntary motion

• can be controlled by the patient and most results from inadequate communication

involuntary motion

• cannot be controlled by the patient; heart beating

rapport

• a relationship of harmony and accord between 2 persons, rad tech and patient

positioning sponges

• comes in a variety of shapes and sizes and are designed to support the patient or anatomic area

stability bar

• located on most upright Bucky units to assist patients when performing lateral chest x-ray

velcro strap

• can be effective as an immobilization or positioning device

sandbag

• extremely helpful in reducing voluntary motion

  • common use is an aid in lateral cervical spine exams and AC joints; depress the shoulders

head clamps

• can be attached to imaging devices and are designed strictly for use in positioning various projections of the skull

cervical collar

• applied in cases of suspected neck/head trauma

backboard

• spine board; used to immobilize and support entire body

air splint

• used for extremity trauma; inflated cuff that is slipped over the affected limb and inflated to provide stability

traction splint

• used for lower extremities; exert steady force on the affected limb by applying pressure against the pelvis and groin area

anti-shock garment

• pair of inflatable trousers

sheet immbolization

• mummy-wrap

pig-o-stat

• useful for upright chest and abdominal images

octostop board

• modification of velcro strap immobilizer board

geriatric patients

• security

• warmth

• comfort