membrane transport

Small non polar molecules do/don’t what

Do not need ion channels/transporters to go through membrane. They are simple diffusion

Small uncharged polar molecules do/don’t what

They can go across membrane bc it’s small,uncharged. They diffuse more easily

Larger uncharged polar molecules do/don’t what

They’re more difficult to get across the membrane bc they’re fat. Some are even prohibited. Ex. Glucose

Ions do/don’t what

They are charged and large so they CANNOT pass through membrane on their own. Need transporter or channel to go through

whats consists in passive transport

NO ATP

channels,- needs to be specific to it

transporter - only fits specific molecule

whats the term when were considering concentration + charge of molecule

electrical concentration gradient

whats resting membrane potential

when there is no charge diff across membrane (on both sides ? )

• when plasma membrane potential is 0 the leak channels are closed.

whats the energy source for glucose na+

the natural concentration gradient of na+ (they are cooperative binding )

in voltage gated sodium channels what makes the sensor regions to open

the membrane potential outside of cell turn negative, pulling the positively charged sensors up.

what occurs in the inactivated part of sodium voltage gated blah

the plug stops sodium from entering but channel is still open until inner membrane potential becomes negative again

what the branches at the end of the neuron cell called

nerve terminals

in the neuron what do dendrites do

bring in signals to cell body

whats patch clamp recording

(CHOPSTICKS) method used to tell whether channels are open or not

in calcium channels whats the 2 cells called and the space between them

pre synaptic cell—> post synaptic

• inbwtween is SYNAPTIC CLEFT

when a signal reaches the calcium channels what happens

they open, signaling the vesicle to fuse with membrane and release neurotransmitter to neurotransmitter receptor.

what happens in transmitter gated ion channels

neurotransmitter binds. to receptor and activate the post synaptic cell

what are all the pumps and channels

sodium potassium pump,- pumps sodium out of cell and potassium inside, through the shape change

glucose sodium pump- uses support(binding together) to enter. glucose rides sodium.

potassium leak channels- natural. concentration gradient

voltage gated sodium channels- the action potential.

calcium channels (nerve cell signaling)- neuronal