C273_Mod 15, 14, 18_Social Institutions and Social Change_Marriage, Family, Education, Healthcare, Social Change

What is matrilocal?

A pattern where it is common in a culture to live near the wife’s parents.

What is patrilocal?

A pattern where it is common in a culture to live near the husband’s parents

What is neolocality?

Moving away from parents to begin a new family

What is a blended family?

The result of two divorced parents with children marrying each other.

What is homogamy?

The tendency of people to partner with people who are similar to them

How do functionalist theorists view family?

They believe family provides socialization, economic production, care of the aged and sick, reproduction, child rearing, and sexual control.

How do conflict theorists view family?

They believe that within a larger society, marriage, and by extension, family, creates social inequality because of the struggle for power.

How do feminist theorists view family?

They believe family is closely connected to patriarchy, a system in which men hold power and women are excluded from power.

How do symbolic interactionist theorists view family?

They believe family involves role-taking that helps provide socialization

What is situational violence?

The most common form of domestic violence that occurs when an angry argument escalates into a violent situation.

What is intimate terrorism?

This form of violence involves an abuser who controls his or her partner through violence in combination with other forms of control, such as intimidation, psychological abuse, and isolation. This is the kind of violence that is most likely to destroy a life, and in heterosexual relationships, it almost always involves a male terrorizing his female partner.

What is violent resistance?

This type of violence is the backlash against intimate terrorism, or the violence of one partner trying to resist domination by his or her abuser. It often does not last very long because the victims turn to other means to cope with their abuse.

What is a cult?

A recently formed religion that is at odds with the dominant society or religion, which is why some sociologists call them new religions.

What is a sect?

Generally originate from within one of the dominant religions because of members' dissatisfaction with how religious life is conducted

What is evangelism?

The active recruitment of new members to a religion through public preaching or sharing information

How do functionalists view religion?

They believe religion provides emotional comfort, social solidarity, social control, support for the government, ecological knowledge, and answers to questions about ultimate meaning.

How do conflict theorists view religion?

They view religious ideas and structures as actually legitimating social inequalities that already exist.

How do symbolic interactionists view religion?

They pay close attention to religious rituals, beliefs, and symbols, all of which allow people to experience strong connections with their religions.

What is a credential society?

The use of educational achievements to decide who gets jobs even if the degree or achievement doesn’t apply to the actual job

What is cultural capital?

Assets a person has that are not financial, such as education, patterns of speech, tastes, and manner of dress.

How do functionalists view the education system?

They credit the educational system with teaching knowledge and skills, cultural values and social placement (channeling students into appropriate jobs), social integration, and socialization.

How do conflict theorists view the education system?

They point to the fact that our credential society has led to an inflation of education: jobs that once only required a high school diploma are becoming harder to find.

Who created the idea of the sick role (which reflects how functionalists often view healthcare)?

Talcott Parsons

What is the sick role (which reflects how functionalists often view healthcare)?

The rights of a sick person to get out of normal duties and to take care of himself or herself.

How do conflict theorists view healthcare?

They point to the commodification of health care, what should be a human right. Drug prices, for example, are based on what the market will bear, not on what care people need.

How do symbolic interactionists view healthcare?

They believe medicalization, determining certain behaviors, such as regularly drinking to excess, are medical issues. Demedicalization refers to recategorizing a medical condition as something else.

What is the Beveridge Model of healthcare?

The government both pays for the service and provides it. Most hospitals and clinics are owned and run by the government. Health care is financed through taxes.

What is the Bismarck Model of healthcare?

Employers and employees pay taxes and health insurance is private. "Sickness funds" (insurance plans) must cover everyone regardless of pre-existing conditions. Sickness funds must be non-profit. Because of tight regulations, the government of most countries have a greater ability to control costs than the government in the American system.

What is the Swedish Healthcare System?

Healthcare is decentralized and is funded through local county councils that determine rates for service

How do functionalists view environmental issues?

They believe that environmental issues are largely a structural or systemic problem, rooted in agricultural and industrial modes of production.

How do conflict theorists view environmental issues?

They believe that problems facing the environment are the result of capitalism and the insatiable pursuit of profit. The treadmill of production, the idea that we must keep producing, leads to environmental exploitation.

How do symbolic interactionists view environmental issues?

They believe that people can be socialized into different attitudes towards global warming.

What is collective behavior?

is a non-institutionalized activity in which large numbers of people voluntarily participate. It is generally used to describe events that emerge in a spontaneous, or seemingly spontaneous, way.

What is a crowd?

A large number of people in close proximity.

What is a mass?

A large dispersed group that has interests in common. A mass cannot act together in person.

What are alternative movements?

Seek limited change in only part of the population. The least threatening to the status quo

What are reform movements?

Members want to change a specific aspect of society. Reform movements are more comprehensive than alternative movements, but still limited in their goals.

What are the three types of religious movements?

Endogenous, Exogenous, Generative

What is an endogenous religious movement?

They seek to change the religion from within.

What is an exogenous religious movement?

A movement that seeks to change the conditions within which the religion exists.

What is a generative religious movement?

A movement that seeks to spread a new religion.

What is a resistance movement?

They seek to resist or undo social change.

What is a revolutionary movement?

Members want to change the total behavior of a society and replace it with one they think is better. This is the most radical social movement. Revolutionary movements call for the complete transformation of society.W

What is the value-added theory?

Social movements require six elements to succeed: structural conduciveness, structural strain, precipitating factors, mobilization for action, lack of social control.

What is the relative deprivation theory?

Sociologists believe that it is the relative deprivation, or what people think they should have in relation to what others have, that drives social movements.

What is the declining privilege theory?

suggests that social movements that promise to restore things to the way they were are appealing to people who feel they are losing their place in society.

What is the value-added theory?

recognizes the fact that in addition to discontent, social movements need significant resources in terms of time, money, and equipment.

What is the resource mobilization theory?

a symbolic interactionist perspective on social movements. It focuses on the ways that social movements create meaning in order to succeed.

What is the frame analysis theory?

holds that political structures and possibilities shape the movements they inspire.

What is the New Social Movement theory?

that social movements since the 1960s have been driven largely by lifestyle or human rights issues. They are fueled by social media.

What are four factors that can drive social change?

Technological innovation, changes in social institutions, environmental events, and population trends