Studied by 2 people
Latin Jazz
Jazz using Latin-American rhythms and rhythm sections but keeps the normal jazz frontline. Has a wide variety of instruments (like bongos)
Good Neighbor Policy
The time when the United States decided to stop interfering with the ideals of Latin American countries. This is an attempt to cultivate a western-hemispheric good will.
Pan-Americanism
The idea that there is a hemispherical American identity. That made room for band leaders in Latin American to make their name in the US.
Xavier Cugat
A Latin-American band leader who performed Latin Jazz, known for the song “Brazil.”
Carmen Miranda
A very famous film star in the WWII era. She was known as the Brazilian Bombshell. She made multiple films where she plays a feisty Latin American women (ethnic sassy best friend). She’s playing a stereotype for comedy. She sang “Brazil” in The Gangs all Here.
Rogers and Hammerstein
Tin Pan Alley / Broadway writers who decided to create a serious Broadway show, where the music drove the show forward and had fleshed out characters. They made a show called Oklahoma! Used the song Oh What a Beautiful Morning
Oklahoma!
Broadway show created by Rogers and Hammerstein which attempted to tell a serious story. Featured the song Oh What a Beautiful Morning
Integration
When songs are incorporated into the drama of a show. Setting-specific songs & dancing.
Total Work of Art
A German idea that opera should be completely artistic
The Swing Era
A time period between 1933 and 1945 characterized by jazz in bigger establishments with more instruments.
Sweet Jazz
Slower version of jazz with less improv
Hot Jazz
Faster, more experimental version of jazz with more improv
Benny Goodman
Also known as “The King of Swing,” he was a famous swing band leader who utilized radio for spreading his songs. He often used the arrangements from Fletcher Henderson, including “Taking a Chance on Love”
King of Swing
Nickname for Benny Goodman, who was a famous swing band leader. Made “Taking a Chance on Love”
Fletcher Henderson
A music arranger whose songs were used by and made popular by Benny Goodman. Most known for “Taking a Chance on Love”
Billie Holiday
A vocalist known for her unique timbre, phrasing, and emotional intensity. Sung “God Bless The Child”
Close Harmony
A type of vocal harmony that made a beautiful sound, with roots to Jubilee Singing. The Mills Brothers specialized in this with their song “Paper Doll”
Youth Culture
In the 1940s, children became consumers, leading to mass media markeing towards teenagers with this as the driving point
Jukeboxes
Music boxes in diners which play records
Crooners
A new class of singer in the 1940s who sang very softly into a microphone. Frank Sinatra was one, and used it in the song “Nancy With the Laughing Face”
Mambo
A follow up to the rise in Latin Jazz. As Jazz became a more artful and symphonic medium, this genre filled the gap it left as dance music.
Palladium
One of the first ballrooms to completely specialize in Latin music
Pérez Prado
He started the Mambo Craze. His music was aimed towards the working-class Latin population, but his song “Mambo No. 5” appealed to mainstream America, starting the Mambo Craze.
Chess
A record label which produced country blues songs with raw vocals, distortion, and explicit lyrics.
Muddy Waters
A country blues artist who moved to Chicago and performed on the side. He’s known for being a very virtuosic guitar player. Made “I’m Your Hoochie Coochie Man”
Rhythm and Blues (R&B)
A genre which evolved from Race Records, encompassing a wide variety of types of music, including jazz, the electric blues, and a bunch of new styles of blues music that were developing. Often indie labels.
Jump Blues
A faster version of the blues designed for dancing. Big Joe Turner made this kind of music, including his song “Shake, Rattle and Roll”
Backbeat
A percussive emphasis on beats two and four, which became big in R&B. Was used in Big Joe Turner’s “Shake, Rattle and Roll”
Rock N’ Roll
A type of popular dance music originating in the 1950s, characterized by a heavy beat and simple melodies. It mixed black rhythm and blues and white country music
Crossover
Songs that get into the top of multiple charts
Cover
A re-recording of a song from a different artist, such as what Bill Haley did with “Shake, Rattle and Roll”
Little Richard
A black Rock n’ Roll pioneer who performed with a theatrical flamboyance, showing the importance of visual media in performing. Used lots of homoerotic lyrics and made “Long Tall Sally”
Rockabilly
A new genre of rock that highlighted its country roots (Elvis was in this genre). Often had an electric guitar, backbeat, and a blues harmony.
Chuck Berry
A Rockabilly singer-songwriter who was known for his clever lyrics. He was known for his high, thin, tenor voice. Made the song “Maybellene”
Brill Building
A building in New York which acted as the hub for songwriting in the 1960s.
Producer
A person who buys songs and assigns them to various singers or groups on their label.They pick the artist, song, and everything else (often behind the screen of a studio). Phil Spector was very successful at this.
Phil Spector
One of the most famous producers of the 60s. He’s famous for reintroducing the orchestra to pop music. People call the songs he produces “teenage symphonies.” He Utilized the Wall of Sound and is most known for the song “Be my Baby”
Wall of Sound
A massive blend of timbres where it’s hard to tell what sounds you hear, used by Phil Spector did this a lot
Motown
A record label and a new strand of R&B with heavy influence from gospel. The Record label was found by Berry Gordy who decided to make music that would bring white audiences to black performers.
Berry Gordy
Founder of the Motown record label who brought white audiences and black performers together by portraying African Americans with elegance and dignity. Known for the song “My Girl”
British Invasion
This happened when the British style of R&B crossed the Atlantic and got popular in the US. The Beatles were the first band to do this in 1964.
Beatlemania
The name of the craze centered around the Beatles in America.
Second Folk Revival
A time in the 1960s when black college students would write songs based off of folk songs but with new, modern lyrics. Consisted of folk songs and some original compositions
SNCC Freedom Singers
Students at an HBCU who led singing sessions spreading the message of civil rights. This style of singing has roots in Jubilee singing and black church songs (participatory). Made the song “Which Side Are You On?”
Bob Dylan
A second folk revival sing known for his songwriting and unique raw vocal timbre. Made the song “Blowin’ in the Wind”
Southern Soul
A version of Soul music from Memphis, Tennessee, which comes primarily from a record label called Stax: a contemporary of Motown
Stax
A record label which produced Souther Soul music. Produced for Aretha Franklin, who wrote “Respect”
Aretha Franklin
A Stax singer who had a very bold voice during the civil rights movement. She made the song “Respect,” which became an anthem of the civil rights movement.
The Grand Ole Opry
A radio station variety show in Nashville where musicians could come and get their music heard, often live in the studio.
Nashville Sound
A reference to the smooth production with arrangers making country music sound more interesting.
The Singing Cowboy: Hank Williams
One of the first stars to come out of Nashville. He was a singer-songwriter who used his troubled past to build authenticity. Wrote “Cold, Cold Heart”
Honky-Tonk
A high quality country music sound brought to Nashville with a similar instrumentation to old western songs (including lots of Steel Guitar), but its slowed down (sock rhythm).
Sock Rhythm
A slowed down western swing (polka) rhythm used for the Honky-Tonk sound
Patsy Cline
A major country artist who had many crossover hits in both the country chart and the pop charts, known for “I fall to pieces”
Bakersfield
A county in California where a lot of people migrated due to the dust bowl. Their version of country is a mix between Honky-tonk music and Rock music.
Buck Owens
One of the first Bakersfield Country Musicians who used a Telecaster Guitar. Made the song “Excuse Me (I think I’ve got a Heartache)”
Telecaster Guitar
A much cheaper version of an electric guitar with a twangier timbre than the electric guitar.
Counter-Culture
A movement where young people went against the values and traditions of their parents, such as government. It grew out of Civil Rights and anti-war movements. Focused on Sex, Drugs, and Rock ‘n Roll. Rock n’ Roll was used to expand your mind and encourage new thought patterns
Psychedelia
A deeply experimental subgenre of Rock that appealed to Hippies and the Counter-Culture Movement
Virtuoso
A person with extreme technical skill, often electric guitar players in the 1960s. Jimi Hendrix as an example.
Jimi Hendrix
An electric guitar virtuoso who made music relating to drug culture. Known for “Purple Haze”
Brian Wilson
A founding member of The Beach Boys who experimented a lot with his sound in an album called “Pet Sounds,” one of the first concept albums.
The Beach Boys
A popular 60s band with rock instrumentation and pop vocals, one of the biggest bands behind the Beatles. Made the song “Good Vibrations”
Concept Album
An album that either has a theme or tells a story. There is a strong influence of psychedelia.
Woodstock
A music festival in August 1969, in the height of counter-culture. The event embodied the Counter-culture peace and love ideology.
Altamont
A music festival in December 1969 where a fan was beaten to death on stage where the Rolling Stones were playing. Signaled the end of the Counter-culture.
Heavy Metal
A post-psychedelic take on the blues with darker themes. They distort the guitar sounds and their vocals to make it sound almost inhuman. The song “Paranoid” fell within this genre.
Outlaw Country
A genre that spawned from a desire for country music which was grittier than Nashville music.
Austin, Texas
A college town back in the 70s, where a lot of people brought in different kinds of country and folk music, leading to an interesting mix of those genres.
Willie Nelson
A big Outlaw Country star known for the song Red-Headed Stranger.
Southern Rock
A strand of Rock made as a reaction to psychedelia, full of bluesy harmonies and a working-class look. Focused on freedom and southern pride.
Charlie Daniels
A southern rocker and a fiddler who embraces this working class look in his music. He made “The South’s Gonna Do It Again”
Disco
A genre of dance music – it exists in clubs and its purpose is to make you dance. Acts an alternative to rock music, de-emphasizing the importance of the band and the album as a work of art.
Rockism
The belief among rock fans that rock is the only real authentic music, that mainstream pop is disingenuous, and that music that isn’t made live with traditional instruments isn’t ‘real music.’
Stonewall
A riot consisting of LGBT people, was the beginning of the modern LGBT movement.
Disc Jockeys
The people who mix the records used in Disco
Falsetto
A very high-pitched male singing voice, used by the likes of Michael Jackson
Radical Inclusion
Disco’s Philosophy that everybody is welcome on the dance floor, regardless of race, sexuality, gender, etc.
Saturday Night Fever
A movie which made Disco mainstream, turned disco from brown and queer to white and straight. Used the song “Stayin’ Alive”
Disco Demolition Night
A night at a Baseball game where people got violent and burnt disco records. Showed a backlash against Disco Music and the people who liked it.
New Wave
A loosely defined music genre that encompasses pop-oriented styles from the late 1970s and the 1980s. It was originally used as a catch-all for the various styles of music that emerged after punk rock.
Athens Sound
A DIY Performance of Music and Arts at the Lamar Dodd School of Art at UGA.
Punk Ideology
the idea and aesthetic of being anti-commercial, anti-mainstream, alienation, seeing yourself as an outsider, nihilistic tensions, and a lack of musical virtuosity
Funk
A R&B based genre which is focused on dance music.
Groove
The active bass, heavy drums, and short melodic riffs in Funk music
riffs
Short melodic fragments that use call-and-response
James Brown
A Southern Soul singer who is considered the first Funk artist. He took heavy influence from the black church. Is known for the song “Papa’s got a brand new bag”
Curtis Mayfield
A Northern Soul singer-songwriter known for his funk music. Made the song Little Child Running Wild for the movie Super Fly, which was a Blaxploitation film.
Ghettoization
The result of white flight, where the government pours money into the suburbs, as city infrastructure begins to fall apart and schools begin getting defunded, creating majority-black ghettos
Blaxploitation
A film genre that feature mostly black people in front of the camera but financed and run by majority white studios. They’re cheaply made and tend to be stories about Ghettos. Super Fly is an example of this.
Hip Hop Culture
An artistic culture with focus on graffiti art, dancing, Disc Jockeys, and MCs.
DJ
The Hip Hop artist who makes songs by mixing the records.
MC
The host of the Hip Hop party, keeping it alive and fun. Sometimes became rappers.
Beat
A groove using little pieces of pre-recorded records
Turntable
A table with two record players, allowing a DJ to easily jump between both songs
MTV
A TV Channel which played music videos.
Male Gaze
Camera work shows women in very revealing ways in order to appeal to the male pleasure.
Michael Jackson
A popstar who was a fabulous singer and dancer who appealed to young women. He was originally denied from playing his videos on MTV, but later decided to add his videos. Is known for “Billie Jean”
Thriller
Michael Jackson’s album where he made multiple videos breaking the color line and getting onto MTV
Alternative
A group of punk music that was made to be an antithesis to mainstream music, usually existed in local scenes.
Note 
Flashcard (20)