NurBio Lec - Glycerol Catabolism / B-Oxidation / Amino Acid Metabolism / Vitamins and Minerals

Beta-Oxidation

Catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down to generate acetyl-CoA

Prokaryotes

Beta Oxidation occurs in cytosol for __________

Eukaryotes

Beta Oxidation occurs in mitochondria for ___________

Citric Acid Cycle

Acetyl-CoA generated in B-Oxidation goes to which cycle

Electron Transport Chain

NADH AND FADH2 generated in B-Oxidation goes to which cycle

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein

Beta-oxidation is primarily facilitated by what protein

• Dehydrogenation

• Hydration

• Oxidation

• Thiolysis

Steps in Beta-Oxidation

Dehydrogenation

Step in Beta-Oxidation where oxidation of the acyl-CoA via the removal of two hydrogen atoms occur

Oxidation

Step in Beta-Oxidation where oxidation of the hydroxyl group via the removal of two hydrogen atoms occur

Thiolysis

Step in Beta-Oxidation where cleavage to release an acetyl-CoA occurs

Hydration

Step in Beta-Oxidation where addition of a water molecule and formation of a hydroxyl (OH) group

Thiolase

catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to acetyl-CoA and shortened acyl-CoA

Carnitine Transport System

facilitates the transport of longchain fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix

Carnitine acyltransferases

catalyze the exchange of acyl groups between carnitine and coenzyme A (CoA).

Size of Fatty Acid

Determine where fatty acid is oxidized

Acyl-COA Dehydrogenase

In the Oxidation Step of Beta Oxidation (Acyl COA to 2-trans-enoyl CoA), what enzyme is used?

Enoyl COA Hydratase

In the Hydration Step of Beta Oxidation (Acyl COA to L-3-Hydroxy Acyl COA), what enzyme is used?

3-Hydroxy Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase

In the 2nd Oxidation Step of Beta Oxidation (L-3-Hydroxy Acyl COA to 3-Ketoacyl COA), what enzyme is used?

3-Ketoacyl CoA Thiolase

In the Thiolysis step of Beta-Oxidation, what is the enzyme used to cleave the Ketone group?

This involves attaching a molecule of Coenzyme A (CoA) to the fatty acid, forming acyl-CoA

Before beta-oxidation can occur, how can fatty acids be activated?

Transamination

the process by which amino groups are removed from amino acids and transferred to acceptor keto-acids

One acetyl-CoA, one FADH2, one NADH, water and one acyl-CoA chain two carbons shorter.

What end products does each beta oxidation cycle yield?

Break down fatty acids

What does beta oxidation do?

1 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 acetyl CoA equivalent to 17 ATP

Each beta oxidation cycle yields