Chemistry 16-17 Test Prep

process of dissolving

when a salt is placed in water it dissociated into separate ions

common ion effect

ions in solution affect a system in equilibrium

Q > K (precipitation reaction)

precipitate will form

Q < K (precipitation reaction)

no precipitate will form

first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy)

energy cannot be created nor detsroyed, just converted from one form to another

second law of thermondynamics

the entropy of the universe increase in a spontaneous process

third law of thermodynamics

the entropy of a perfect crystalline substance is zero at absolute zero temperature

entropy

measure of disorder of a system (state function)

what causes entropy to increase?

• solids melt to form liquids

• liquids vaporize to form gases

• solids or liquids dissolve to form nonelectrolyte solutions

• a reaction produces more moles of gas

• a substance is heated

• comparing 2 substances, more atoms are present

gibbs free energy

measure of spontaneity of a chemical reaction

ΔG < 0

reaction is spontaneous

ΔG = 0

system is in equilibrium

ΔG > 0

reaction is not spontaneous