MEDCA REVIEW 1

Pathology

The study of nature and the cause of disease

How many liters of blood does the body contain?

5 liters

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Leukocyte

White blood cell

Thrombocytes

Platelets

120 days

How long does mature red blood cells live once they enter blood stream

Hemoglobin

Iron containing pigment of red blood cells

Pre-analytical phase

Phlebotomist are primarily responsible for this phase of lab testing

Blood collected in neonatology department

This is Done for patients who are hours to a few days old

Pharmacy department

Primary consultant on timing for collecting blood for drug levels

Where blood cells begin formation

Lymph nodes and bone marrow

Flowchart

Used in quality improvement methodologies and designed to assist in breaking out components into diagram to understand a process

Quality improvement for specimen collection involve

-Phlebotomist technique

-Recollection rates

-Frequency of hematomas

Pareto charts

Designed to assist in making bar charts that show frequency of problems

Anemic

A person who has too little hemoglobin or a decreased number of red blood cells

Type and cross match

Process of determining if a person will react after a transfusion

Total volume of formed elements of blood

45%

total volume of blood liquid makes up

55%

Serum

When blood is removed from body, blood clots and the liquid portion is called

Centrifuge

Instrument used to speed the removal of serum by spinning the blood

Supine position

Lying face up on back

RFID

Identification tag using silicon chips and a wireless receiver

Normal Blood pH range

7.35 to 7.45

Blood for lead levels are collected in

Tan topped tubes

2 hours

Within how many hours should Serum be transported to lab for testing and separated from red blood cells, preventing erroneous results

Acid citrate dextrose

Anticoagulant used in blood donations

To avoid micro clotting in tube, important that blood be collected

Why should the purple topped tube be gently inverted a minimum of 8 times

Why should Clean gloves be put on in front of patient

It is a reassuring safety conscious gesture for both patient and worker

Pneumatic tube system

Most efficient and safe methods of specimen transportation in large health care organization

Royal blue topped tube

Measurement of blood cooper trace element

Computerized labels using bar codes

Most reliable method for avoiding transcription errors in specimen collection

Dorsal side of hand and wrist

If veins in arm cannot be used for venipuncture where the preferred alternative veins lie

Glucose level

Most commonly requested timed specimen

When collecting blood in evacuated tube with an anticoagulant, what is the importance of having correct volume of blood?

It provides the correct blood additive ratio

When are Skin puncture techniques are most often used?

When Small amounts of blood are needed for testing, neonate or anemic

How many chromosomes are in human cells

46 chromosomes

Therapeutic phlebotomy is used in treatment of

Polycythemia

In relation to veins, what does occluded mean

Obstructed

Which finger has a pulse

Thumb

Last step in any phlebotomy procedure, including skin puncture

Check that the bleeding has stopped and thank the patient for cooperating

What causes pooling of blood in veins

Tourniquet

What is the Best way to decontaminate phlebotomist hands if they are visibly dirty with dust and dirt

Wash hands with soap and water

Alcohol should be allowed to dry for how many seconds before venipuncture

30-60 seconds

During venipuncture, what is the best angle for inserting the needle into the skin

15-30 degrees

During venipuncture procedure, what does phlebotomist do after needle is inserted and blood begins to flow

Release the tourniquet

The term butterfly refers to

The winged infusion set

During venipuncture, the needle should always be inserted with

Bevel side up

What is the antecubital area

Slightly below the elbow

What is importance of hand hygiene techniques

It significantly reduces the number of outbreaks of infections

Why should blood and urine specimens for microbiological culture be transported to the labs quickly

To improve the likelihood of detecting pathogens

Approximately how long does it take a normal blood specimen to clot

30-60 minutes

Quality control records include information about

-Proper use and storage

-Expiration dates and stability

-Precision and accuracy of testing supplies/reagents

Glycolytic action refers to which condition

Breakdown of glucose

Bar codes in phlebotomy applications can be used for

-Specimen accession numbers, test codes

-Product number, inventory expiration dates

-Patient names, DOB, patient identification number

Which anticoagulant is found in Royal blue topped tube

No anticoagulant

Lithium heparin is suitable anticoagulant for which study

Stat chemistry

Preferred anticoagulant for collection of whole blood for STAT situations in clinical chemistry

Heparin

Which Needle gauges has smallest diameter

23, the larger gauge has the smaller the needle

Intravenous device used in collecting blood from patients who are difficult to collect blood by conventional methods

Butterfly needle

Blood cell count requiring whole blood collection

Purple topped tube

What tube should Alkaline phosphate never be collected in

Gray topped tubes

Color coding for needles indicates

Gauge

Light sensitive blood analytes

Bilirubin

Monoject monoletter

Safety device for collecting capillary blood

Yellow topped vacuum collection tube has what additive

Sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS)

For newborns the penetration depth of lancets for blood collection must be less than

2.0 mm

Cytogenetic analysis requires whole blood collected in which tube

Green topped tube

Report form for lab results include

-Patient and physician identification

-Date and time collected

-Reference ranges

pre-analytic variable that might affect lab testing results

Patient ate a hearty breakfast

Hemolyzed specimens

Cause Chemical interference with lab assays

Blood specimen with separation device should be centrifuges how many times

1 time

To chill a blood specimen as transported, healthcare worker should use

Icy water

Handwritten info cannot be converted into bar code symbols

True

Homeostasis refers to

Steady state condition

Chemical substance that prevents blood from clotting

Anticoagulant

Systolic pressure

Pressure when heart is contracted

120/80, the 120 is

Systolic pressure

Diastolic pressure

Pressure when heart is relaxed between beats

Median cubital

The vein most preferred when drawing blood

Autoclave

An instrument for sterilizing that uses steam under pressure

Sharps container

Specially labeled puncture resistant container for disposal of needles, scalpels and syringes

Hand washing

Single most important way to prevent spread of infection in health facility

What are the Components in a chain of infection

-Source

-Poor isolation technique

-Susceptible host

Nosocomial

Patient develops infection during hospital stay not present beforehand

Primary purpose of infection control

Prevent spread of infection within hospital and other health facilities

Under universal precautions all used needles are to be disposed of in following manner

Discarded intact

A potential source of infectious material from a patient in protective isolation includes

None the phlebotomist is a potential threat to patient

When coming in contact with patients under protective isolation it is necessary to wear

-Mask

-Globes

-Gown

Cultural sensitivity for phlebotomist involves learning about

The Skin's sensitivity to pain

Refer to patients right/left arm

When speaking with patient about which arm to use for venipuncture, how should phlebotomist refer to r/l arm?

Biopsy tissue

The Specimen taken to anatomic pathology