CP.7

encoding

getting info, then putting into LTM

matinence rehearsal

repetition without any consideration of meaning or making connections to other information

*repeat phone number in head

*bad for LTM

elaborative rehearsal

rehearsal that has meaning behind it

levels of processing theory

memory depends on

how information is encoded

deep understanding

& elaborative rehearsal

depth of processing

how well info is understood

Craik and Endel Tulving questions;processing level

1. physical features of word-shallow

2. rhymn with word-deeper

3. fill in the blank-deepest

imagery vs repeat word

imagery

self reference effect

memory better if relate a word to yourself

*if a word describes you

generation effect

mem better if generated material yourself

retreival cue

Cues that help a person remember information

aid encoding

create connections

active connections

organization

testing effect

actively recalling information through testing

retreival practice effect

actively recalling;not rereading

spacing effect

take breaks in studying

hand note vs computer note

hand note

free recall

remmeber something without cues

encoding specifity

we learn information together with its context.

*chew gum studying>chew same gum for test

*study in same room as exam

state dependent learning

memory is best when a person is in the same state for encoding and retrieval

transfer appropriate processing

cognitive tasks during encoding match the tasks during retrieval

Acronyms

1st letter of words to make big word

*OCEAN

acrostics

please exuce my dear aunt sally

Mothod of loci

remember where things are

method of association

attatch person name to part of their body

verbatim mem

recall words in exact order

consolidation

keep mem stable

synaptic consolidation

structural changes at synapses that happen rapidly, over a period of minutes

systems consolidation

reorganization of nueral circuits within brain regions

-long time

long term potentiation

increased firing that occurs in a neuron due to prior activity

standard model of consolidation

memory retrieval depends on the hippocampus at first, later it becomes its own thing

reactivation

previously encoded memories are replayed

multiple trace model of consolidation

hippocampus is involved in the retrieval of remote memories, especially episodic memories

multivoxel pattern analysis

fMRI analysis technique that decodes mental states or stimuli by identifying specific spatial patterns of brain activity

classifier

computer

program designed to recognize patterns of voxel activity

reconsolidation

Long term memory=unstable=become stable again

termporal context model

*how time affects memory

Narrative rehearsal

tv can mess w/ mem

level of shallow to deep

structural—is in capital letter

phonometic—rhymn w/…

category—is it a type of…

sentence—fill in blank

anterograde

no new mem

retrograde

no old mem

—newer mem=better performance