Module 6C Unit 3: Details of Diencephalon & Telencephalon

Diencephalon contains

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus

The _______ relays sensory and motor signals to the cortex

Thalamus

The ________ regulates homeostasis, temperature and appetite

Hypothalamus

The ________ includes the pineal gland for melatonin secretion

Epithalamus

The _______ is involved in regulating motor control and movement

Subthalamus

The sensory nuclei of the thalamus include the ____________, receiving second order afferent axons from the _______________ and the ___________ tracts.

These nuclei provide the third order neurons that will end in the _______ -_______ ________ of the parietal cortex.

They will travel through the ________ limb of the internal capsule on their way to the cortex. Between the thalamus and the cortex they are called the ______________ fibers.

VPL; DWC; STT

Post-central gyrus

Posterior; thalamocortical

The ______ group of nuclei in the thalamus function in the limbic pathway and as a major relay to the executive frontal lobe

Dorsomedial

The _______ nuclei of the thalamus function in arrival and alertness

Intralaminar

The _____ _______ nucleus is a relay nuclei that receives somatosensory fibers form the BODY, sends outputs to areas 1, 2 and 3 and functions in conscious awareness of sensory information

Ventral posterolateral (VPL)

The _____ _______ nucleus is a relay nuclei that receives somatosensory fibers form the FACE, sends outputs to areas 1, 2 and 3 and functions in conscious awareness of sensory information

ventral posteromedial (VPM)

The ______ nucleus is a relay nuclei and receives inputs from the cerebellum, mainly the dentate nucleus and functions in motor feedback from the cerebellum and basal ganglia to the cerebral cortex

VL

The ______ nucleus is a relay nuclei and relieves inputs from the basal ganglia and functions in planning and initiating movements

VA

The ______ geniculate is a relay nuclei that receives inputs from the inferior colliculus and functions in hearing

Medial

The ______ geniculate is a relay nuclei that receives inputs from superior colliculus and functions in vision

Lateral

The posterior limb of the internal capsule consists of: both ________________ projection fibers and _________________ projection fibers.

Ascending; descending

The somatotopic organization from anterior to posterior is: _____________________________.

CTLS

All of the CPT fibers are found in the _______ limb of the internal capsule and all of the CST fibers and all of the conscious sensory fibers are found in the _______ limb of the internal capsule

Anterior; posterior

Bridgman areas ____,____ and _____ make up the primary sensory cortex

3, 1 and 2t

The primary sensory cortex is in the _______ gyrus of the parietal lobe

Postcentral

Input to primary sensory cortex comes from ____ and _____ from thalamus

VPL and VPM

The primary sensory cortex functions in (conscious, unconscious) somatosensory awareness such as touch proprioception, pain and temperature

conscious

Brodman area _____ is the primary motor cortex

4

The primary motor cortex is in the _______ gyrus of the frontal lobe

Precentral

Inputs to primary motor cortex include the _______ and _______ tracts

Corticospinal and corticobulbar

Function of primary motor cortex includes initiation of movement, sequencing and synergy of movements (via input from the cerebellum)

Brodmans area _____ includes the Cortex, middle and superior frontal gyri

9

Inputs to Brodmans area 9 includes input from various cortical areas; right and left-brain variation: left- empathy, self- criticism, attending to negative emotions; right- intentionality, recognition of others' emotions, attending to positive emotions

Brodmans area 9 is involved in higher level thinking, short-term memory, recency, decision-making, intentional over-ride; working and spatial memory

Brodman area _____ is the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe

17

Brodman area 17 receives input from optic radiations of the ______ geniculate nucleus and has output to areas 18 and 19

Lateral

Brodmans area _____ contains the middle temporal gyrus, part of the temporal lobe

21

Brodmans area 21 receives input from auditory and visual cortices and functions in processing ______ and ________

language and memory

Brodmans area _____ makes up Wernicke's area; superior temporal gyrus LEFT LOBE mostly, right side: melody and prosody: prosody - the rhythm and intonation that give speech its emotional tone.

22

Inputs to Brodman area 22 include _____ areas and output includes to ______ areas associated with speech

Auditory; motor

________ area functions in generation and understanding of language, meaningful in response to questions

Wernickes

Areas 23, 24, 28 and 33 are involved with the ______ system

Limbic

Area ______ is involved in processing emotions, feeling pain, creating emotional memories, and even helping with social communication. It also plays a part in learning from emotional feedback and avoiding negative experiences.

23

Area ______ focuses on regulating emotions, motivation, detecting errors, and controlling automatic body functions like heart rate.

24

Area ______ is essential for forming memories and processing smells, thanks to its location in the entorhinal cortex of the medial temporal lobe.

28

Area ______: also known as the "pregenual area" (as it is located anterior to the "bend" of the corpus callosum) is involved with especially happy emotions.

33

Brodman area _____ (pars opercularis) and _____ (pars tributaries) includes the primary auditory cortex and Broca's speech areas

44; 45

Brodman areas 44 and 45 receive input from the auditory pathway of the ______ geniculate

Medial

______ area is active in semantic tasks, such as semantic decision tasks (determining whether a word represents an abstract or a concrete entity) and generation tasks (generating a verb associated with a noun).

Broca's