C2 Chemistry Ionic Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Ionic Bonding

Elements react in order to achieve a full outer shell getting the electronic structure of a noble gas

Metal and non metal reacting

Lithium has the configuration 2,1

Fluorine is 2,7

Lithium loses its outer electron, which is gained by the fluorine atom so they both have full outer shells

Ionic Bonding Lithium and Fluorine Charges

Lithium has 3 protons and has 2 electrons so it has one positive charge (+)

It is a lithium ion

Ion- An atom with an overall charge

Fluroine has 9 protons but now 10 electrons so it has 1 negative charge (-)

It is a fluoride ion

Ionic bonding facts

Group 1 metals lose a electron forming a positive ion

Group 7 non metals gain an electron forming a negative ion

Both ions have full outer shells

Covalent bonding

Where non metal atoms bond together

For hydrogen to get a full outer shell there will be 2 so they can share their electrons together so they have 2 electrons for a full outer shell

Formed a single covalent bond

A covalent bond is strong

Represent it in a stick diagram H-H

Chlorine has 17 electrons so it has 7 electrons in its outer shell as its in group 7

Needs 2 Chlorine sharing one so they both get a full outer shell

Cl-Cl

Covalent molecule

Hydrogen has one electron, chlorine has 7

Both atoms need 1 electron for a full outer shell

Both share 1 electron

H-Cl