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Identify the 3 major functions of the nervous system
sensory, intergrative, motor
describe the 3 major functions of the nervous system
sensory - pick up info (external/internal)
integrative - brain receives/interprets info
motor - carries out response
dendrites
picks up information from the previous neuron
cell body
contains organelles
axon
carries the signal
axon terminal
end of the axon where the neurotrasmitter is released
myelin sheath
protects the axon
Nodes of Ranvier
gaps in the sheath
Why does the nervous system need glial cells even though they don't conduct messages
they act as a glue and help hold the neurons and connections in place
presynaptic neuron
sends signal
post-synaptic neuron
recieves signal
neurotransmitter
attaches to receptors to activate postsynaptic
calcium
helps the release of neurotrasmitters
receptors
activated by binding neurotransmitters
What is multiple sclerosis? Why does it eventually lead to the inability to send messages through the nerves?
progressive destruction of the myelin sheath
without the protection of the myelin sheath the nerves will eventually damage and be unable to send messages
Describe the blood-brain barrier. What substances can still pass through it? Why can this be harmful and beneficial in different scenarios?
prevents passage of substances from the blood into the brain to protect it
good for anesthesia and oxygen
bad for alcohol
Why is the medulla oblongata such an important part of the brain stem and nervous system?
medulla regulates heartbeat and diameter of blood vessels
Explain the process to perform a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Why would this procedure be done?
a needle is used to collect cerebrospinal fluid
can be used to administer medication so would be done for childbirth as an epidural or diagnose
6 major functions of the hypothalamus
- control the autonomic nervous system
- control hormones
- regulate emotion
- regulate eating
- control body temp
- regulation of sleep
What chemical is released by the Pineal Gland? How does it affect the human body?
melatonin which promotes sleepiness and regulates the setting of the biological clock
After having a stroke, Kent Miller underwent a special type of therapy to help him regain use of his paralyzed side of the body. Describe the methods used by the therapist (Francilla) to help Kent and how these tasks affected his brain and abilities. (Nervous System Disorder Chart )
lot of repetative tasks to allow new connections to be formed to re-learn how to move his paralyzed parts
To help deal with severe epilepsy, Michael Rehbein had most of the left hemisphere of his brain removed. Why did the loss of this part of the brain have such a big effect on his language abilities? (Nervous System Disorder Chart )
speech and language is controled majority by the left, right can still do it but not as well causing his speech to be short and impaired
Explain how Alzheimer's Disease affects the body differently than normal aging.
causing a cognitive decay faster and more severely than normal aging
How is the neurotransmitter dopamine linked to addiction? Support your answer by describing what is happening at the actual neurons when using a drug like cocaine.
dopamine is a neurotransmitter that causes an enjoyable feeling when released when using cocaine excess dopamine is released causing a high that cant be felt normally and causing the body to cease normal dopamine producton
Why did Ellen need deep brain stimulation surgery? Compare Ellen's abilities pre- and post-surgery.
Ellen had severe tremors that inpacted her everyday life and made her unable to do tasks like signing her name, and drawing a line but after surgrey she was able to
Why was Ellen's DBS Surgery performed awake?
so the doctors were able to get feedback from her
