Ch 25: Flower & Plant Reproduction/Development

asexual advantages

rapid growth, preservation of desirable traits and ability to produce plants that don’t produce seeds

plants are genetically identical to the parents

sexual advantages

genetive variability

separation of male & female gametes (pollen & oriioles)

offspring NOT identical to their parents

stamen and the pistil

male & female reproductive parts of the flower

pollination

male gametes found in pollen transferred to female part of the flower (stigma)

through rain, water, animals

germination

pollen lands on the stigma and the pollen grows down, making a pathway for the sperm to reach the egg

penetration

of ovule typically through pollen tube

tip of tube dissolves, releasing male gametes

fertilization

result of fertilization

embryo is formed

globular stage

when the embryo is spherical/round in structure

heart shaped stage

embryo will develop cartiladins which gives a heart shaped appearance through the embryo

shoot & root apical meristems are established

____ stage

embryo elongates & often starts to stand upright, given the embryo a torpedo appearance

mature embryo

looks like a miniature plant

has shoot meristem (future leaves & stem) and root meristem (future root)

cartiladins

emerge during germination

provides nourishent to the growing plant

these develop during heart stage

aka first leaves

radicals

primary root of a young plant

very small

destined to become the main root of the plant

hypocotil

part of the seedlings stem

will become the future stem of the plant

shoot apex

the growing tip of the plants shoot responsible for producing leaves, stems, and flowers

scutellum

single cartiladins that transfers nutrients from the endosterm to the growing embryo

pollination & seed dispersal

important for plant reproduction

seed dispersal

process of spreading seeds to new locations

through wind and water

helps to maintain balance of the ecosystem

ethylin

plant growth regulators/hormones

C2H4

important for food brightening & senescence

crucial for stress, produced from amino acids

senescence

shedding of the leaves, flowers, and fruits