PSYCH101 - EXAM4

Conformity

Changing your behavior to go along with a group even if you don't agree

Compliance

Going along with a request or demand

Normative Social Influence

Conforming to fit in, be liked, or accepted by a group

Informational Social Influence

Conforming because you believe the group is correct or has better information

Obedience

Changing behavior to follow orders from an authority figure or avoid punishment

Groupthink

Prioritizing group harmony over critical thinking, leading to poor decisions

Group Polarization

Strengthening of group opinions after discussion

Social Loafing

Putting in less effort in a group because individual work isn't evaluated

Deindividuation

Loss of self-awareness and accountability in a group (feeling anonymous)

Motivation

The process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior

Intrinsic Motivation

Doing something because you enjoy it

Extrinsic Motivation

Doing something for rewards or to avoid punishment

Biological Motivation

Driven by physical needs like hunger or thirst

Emotion

A complex reaction involving physiological arousal, behavior, and cognition

Physiological Component

Body reactions like heart rate or sweating

Behavioral Component

Observable actions like facial expressions or body language

Cognitive Component

Thoughts and interpretation of the emotion

James-Lange Theory

Emotion occurs after physical arousal

Cannon-Bard Theory

Emotion and arousal occur at the same time

Schachter-Singer Theory

Emotion is based on arousal plus a cognitive label

Lazarus Theory

Cognitive appraisal happens before emotion

Personality

Enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Id

Seeks immediate pleasure and gratification

Ego

Makes realistic decisions and balances the id and superego

Superego

Moral conscience that determines right and wrong

Repression

Blocking distressing thoughts from awareness

Denial

Refusing to accept reality

Projection

Attributing your own thoughts or feelings to others

Rationalization

Making excuses to justify behavior

Adler

Focused on inferiority complex and striving for superiority

Erikson

Developed psychosocial stages across the lifespan

Jung

Proposed the collective unconscious and archetypes

Horney

Focused on basic anxiety from relationships

Allport

Identified cardinal, central, and secondary traits

Cattell

Developed 16 personality traits

Eysenck

Identified three traits: psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism

Big Five

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

HEXACO

Adds honesty-humility to the Big Five traits

Attitude

A learned tendency to evaluate something

Cognitive Component of Attitude

Beliefs about something

Affective Component of Attitude

Feelings about something

Behavioral Component of Attitude

Actions toward something

Prejudice

Negative attitude toward a group

Stereotype

Generalized belief about a group

Discrimination

Unfair behavior toward a group

Social Norms

Rules for behavior in a group

Social Roles

Expected behaviors for a position

Scripts

Expected sequence of actions in situations

Intimacy

Emotional closeness in a relationship

Passion

Physical attraction in a relationship

Commitment

Decision to maintain a relationship