Asian Worlds Unit 6: Modern China

Republic of China

Founded by the KMT after they fled the mainland because of the Civil war.

10/10 revolution

After the Qing dynasty, the people revolted at an empty [alace to demonstrate the lack of government force.

Sun Yat-Sen

Founder of KMT and the Republic of China. Removed by Yuan Ski-Kai.

Yuan Shikai

President of the Republic of China. Hired by the Qing government to stamp out the KMT but ended up joining them.

Puyi

Took the throne at age six, Cixi's child, forced to abdicate after the removal of Sun Yat-Sen.

Warlord period

Time period from 1916-1928 when there is no definite leader of china. Small areas are led by warlords.

KMT

Nationalist party of China founded the Republic of China after losing the Civil War.

3 People's Principles

nationalism, democracy, people's livelihood

Marxism/ Karl Marx

Karl Marx, father of communism, equality for all, total government involvement, willingness to use violence EXTREME LEFT

Bourgeosie

Upper class people, targeted by communism

Proletariat

The working class.

Socialism

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production. Keeps SOME capitalist aspects

Communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

May 4 Movement

May 4 1919, thousands of students assemble in tianamen square, protest, riots spread: china seems united

CCP

Founded in 1921, currently ruling party of China

Mao Zedong

Former leader of the CCP has a philosophy enshrined with the red book and the constitution. Super pro-communism. Preacher for continuous revolution.

Maosim

the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism developed in China by Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), which states that a continuous revolution is necessary if the leaders of a communist state are to keep in touch with the people.

Chiang Kai-Shek

Yuan Shi-kai's replacement (KMT). Led a communist purge beginning the northern expedition

1st United front

Comm-Intern told the CCP and the KMT to unite.

Manchukuo

Puppet state in Manchuria created by Japan and run by Puyi.

Long March

Communists flee north, losing about 93K people on the way. Creates a sense of camaraderie between survivors. Mao becomes the leader.

2nd United Front

Pause in the Civil war during the second Sino-Japanese war. After the end of the war, the front breaks, and civil war resumes.

2nd Sino-Japanese War

1937-1945, Series of violent incidents between Chinese troops, Japanese forces in China led to open warfare

Peoples Republic of China

Founded in 1949 by the CCP, now modern-day China. Ruled by the CCp.

Land Reforms

Taking land from bourgeois and redistributing to Proletariats.

Five-year plans

Plans in communist countries that are used to ensure goals for introducing communism will be met.

100 flowers movement

Mao Zedong allowed intellectuals to express their opinions about the party. Massive failure leading to the Anti-rightist campaign.

Anti-Rightist campaign

Accusing any party critics of being anti-revolutionary. Sent 300K people to be reeducated.

Great Leap forward

Collectivization of agriculture, led to huge amount of food waste. Being scared to tell CCP about problems led to the Great Famine.

Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

Mao's last great effort to weed out capitalist roaders.

Pragmatist

Counter-revolutionary realists.

Gang of Four

Radical leaders in China during the Cultural Revolution, led by Jiang Ching, Mao's wife. After Mao's death they are arrested.

Deng Xiaopiong

Possible Capitalist roader who become the leader after Mao's death. Two whatever policy continuing Maoist rule.

Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Term used by Deng Xiaoping and his successors to describe a vaguely socialist system, but with special economic zones and some capitalism.

Special Economic Zones

Areas along the coast where the government experimented with free market capitalism. Gave the US the sense that China was moving away from Communism.

Tiananmen Square Massacre (1989)

Students protested at Beijing University in hopes of gaining democratic reform. Government sent in troops and crushed the protest using violence against the students, killing many.

McCarthyism

Senator McCarthy attempts to purge US of communists by black-listing celebrities.

Ping Pong Diplomacy

US and China exchange ping-pong players, 1971, US ping-pong team was invited to all expense paid exhibition trip to China to compete, normally Americans weren't allowed into China because of Communism, leads to Nixon and Mao Zedong becoming friends

The Nixon Visit

Nixon Visits China and finally accepts the PRC as the actual China.

Shanghai Comunique

Last day of Nixon's visit he officially recognizes that there is only 1 China, the PRC.

Xi Jinping

Current leader of China

Belt and Road initiative

Led by Xi Jinping, building railroads and highways in underdeveloped countries in order to build relations with them.