The Enlightenment

These flashcards cover key Enlightenment thinkers and their contributions to political philosophy and the development of modern government.

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature?

He believed that human nature was inherently selfish and brutish.

Who was John Locke and what were his beliefs on natural rights?

He was an English philosopher who believed in natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

What is the basic concept of the Social Contract theory?

It is the idea that individuals give up some freedoms to a government in exchange for protection and order.

Who was Mary Wollstonecraft and what were her ideas on women's rights?

She was a British writer and philosopher who argued for equal educational opportunities for women.

What were Montesquieu's ideas on government?

He proposed the separation of powers, dividing governmental power among different branches to prevent tyranny and protect individual liberties.

What were Voltaire's enlightenment ideas on government?

He advocated for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and the separation of church and state.

Who said 'Without government, our lives would be nasty, brutish, and short!' and what does it mean?

Thomas Hobbes said it, reflecting his belief that without a strong government, human life would be chaotic and dangerous.

How did Montesquieu influence the development of the Federalist form of Government in the USA?

His concept of the separation of powers influenced the structure of the government.

How did Voltaire influence the development of the Federalist form of Government in the USA?

His advocacy for freedom of speech and religious tolerance influenced the Bill of Rights.